Exam 1 Definitions Flashcards
A measure of relative body weight that takes height into account and is highly correlated with more direct measure of body fat (kg/m2)
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Abnormally slow heart action
Bradycardia
Abnormally fast heart rate
Tachycardia
A rhythmical throbbing of the arteries as blood is propelled through them
Pulse
The pressure of blood in the circulatory system, often measured for diagnosis, closely related to the force and rate of the heartbeat and the diameter and elasticity of the arterial walls
Blood pressure
Fats; most concentrated source of energy
Lipids
Substance that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemic reaction
Enzymes
A starch stored in the liver and muscles
Glycogen
Structural components of lipids, triglycerides, and phospholipids
Glycerol
Damage to, or death of, heart muscle, resulting from a failure of the coronary arteries to deliver enough blood to the heart
Heart attack
An excessive fear of being observed by others
Social phobia
A persistent and excessive fear of a specific obect, activity, or situation
Specific phobia
An anxiety disorder characterized by fear of being alone away from help and by avoidance of many different places and situations; in extreme cases, leaving home
Agoraphobia
An adverse reaction to a food or food ingredient in which the immune system perceives a particular substance (allergen) as foreign and acts to destroy it
Food allergy
An adverse reaction to a food or food ingredient that doesn’t involve the immune system; often due to a problem with metabolism
Food intolerance
Pattern of fat distribution in people who tend to store fat in the upper regions of their bodies, particularly in the abdominal area; apple-shaped
Android obesity
Pattern of fat distribution in people who store fat in the hips, buttocks, and thighs; pear-shaped
Gynoid obesity
Fat incorporated in various tissues of the body; critical for normal body functioning
Essential fat
A condition consisting of three interrelated disorders: abnormal eating patterns (and excessive exercing) followed by amenorrhea, and premature osteoporosis
Female athlete triad
The absence of menstruation
Amenorrhea
The mental representation a person holds about his/her body at any given time, consisting of perceptions, images, thoughts, attitudes, and emotions
Body image
The study of the effects of foods and food constituents on gene expression
Nutrigenomics
Environment that promotes the overconsumption of calories while at the same time discourages physical activity
Obesogenic environment
An eating disorder characterized by a refusal to maintain body weight at a minimally healthy level and an intense fear of gaining weihgt or becoming fat; self-starvation
Anorexia nervosa
An eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating and purging to prevent weight gain
Bulimia nervosa
An eating disorder characterized by episodes of binge eating and a lack of control over eating behavior in general
Binge-eating disorder (BED)
Cardiovascular disease caused by the deposit of fatty substances (plaque) in the walls of the arteries
Atherosclerosis
Impeded blood supply to some part of the brain resulting in the destruction of brain cells
Stroke
A blood clot that breaks off from its place of origin in a blood vessel and travels through the bloodstream
Embolism
Impeded blood supply to the brain caused by a clot obstructing a blood vessel
Ischemic stroke
A blood clot in a blood vessel that usually remains at the point of its formation
Thrombus
Atherosclerosis in the arteries in the legs that can impede blood flow and lead to plain, infection, and loss of the affected limb
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
An inherited condition in which there is an enlargement of the heart muscle, especially the muscle between the two ventricles
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)
A condition resulting from the heart’s inability to pump enough blood to keep with the body’s metabolic needs; blood backs up in the veins leading to the heart, causing an accumulation of fluid in various parts of the body
Congestive heart failure (CHF)
Blood fat that helps transport cholesterol out of the arteries, thereby protecting against cardiovascular disease
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
Blood fat that transports cholesterol to organs and tissues; excess amounts result in the accumulation of deposits in artery walls, causing hardening of the arteries and potential cardiovascular disease
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
An anxiety disorder characterized by uncontrollable, recurring thoughts and the performing of senseless rituals
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
An anxiety disorder characterized by excessive, uncontrollable worry about all kinds of things and anxiety in many situations
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
A mood disorder charaterized by loss of interest, sadness, hopelessness, loss of appetite, disturbed sleep, and other physical symptoms
Depression
An anxiety disorder characterized by reliving traumatic events through dreams, flashbacks, and hallucinations
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
A psychological disorder that involves a disturbance in thinking and in perceiving reality
Schizophrenia
