Exam 1 Definitions Flashcards
Sample
whole portion given for testing
Aliquot
portion of the whole sample
Analyte
part of aliquot to be determined, thing analyzed or tested for
Qualitative
what? identity of compound based on intensive properties
Quantitative
how much? amount of analyte in sample, extensive property
Intensive property
independent on amount of sample used
Extensive property
dependent on amount of sample used, more sample the more of that property can be measured
Volumetric Analysis
Volume-based analysis. Standardized titrant of known concentration is used to neutralize an unknown solution. Volume of titrant used to back-calculate an unknown.
Gravimetric Analysis
Mass-based analysis. Excess reagent used to precipitate out a pure compound ion from an unknown solution. No prestandardized components and a more direct analysis.
Titrant
solution of known concentration used to analyze an unknown solution
Analyte
solution of uknown concentration, titrant is used to analyze
Precipitate
product created from something else (supernatant), went from one physical state to another (typically L to S)
Supernatant
what precipitate forms from, liquid above
Filter
separation based on size exclusion typically utilizing a physical barrier
Decant
separation technique relying on gravity differences of solid and liquid to remove liquid and leave solid behind
Hydrated
water intrinsic to chemical structure
Anhydrous
- water removed from chemical structure
- drying agent
Equivalence point
the point where the acid and base neutralize each other (present in equal amounts), indicated by a pH of 7
End point
the point where the acid and base are completely reacted, indicated by color change
Drying agent
absorbs water from organic material
Replicate
similar experiments, aliqout taken from different parts of sample
Duplicate
identical experiments, aliquot taken from identical parts of sample
