Exam 1 Definitions

Question 1

Sample

Answer 1

whole portion given for testing

Question 2

Aliquot

Answer 2

portion of the whole sample

Question 3

Analyte

Answer 3

part of aliquot to be determined, thing analyzed or tested for

Question 4

Qualitative

Answer 4

what? identity of compound based on intensive properties

Question 5

Quantitative

Answer 5

how much? amount of analyte in sample, extensive property

Question 6

Intensive property

Answer 6

independent on amount of sample used

Question 7

Extensive property

Answer 7

dependent on amount of sample used, more sample the more of that property can be measured

Question 8

Volumetric Analysis

Answer 8

Volume-based analysis. Standardized titrant of known concentration is used to neutralize an unknown solution. Volume of titrant used to back-calculate an unknown.

Question 9

Gravimetric Analysis

Answer 9

Mass-based analysis. Excess reagent used to precipitate out a pure compound ion from an unknown solution. No prestandardized components and a more direct analysis.

Question 10

Titrant

Answer 10

solution of known concentration used to analyze an unknown solution

Question 11

Analyte

Answer 11

solution of uknown concentration, titrant is used to analyze

Question 12

Precipitate

Answer 12

product created from something else (supernatant), went from one physical state to another (typically L to S)

Question 13

Supernatant

Answer 13

what precipitate forms from, liquid above

Question 14

Filter

Answer 14

separation based on size exclusion typically utilizing a physical barrier

Question 15

Decant

Answer 15

separation technique relying on gravity differences of solid and liquid to remove liquid and leave solid behind

Question 16

Hydrated

Answer 16

water intrinsic to chemical structure

Question 17

Anhydrous

Answer 17

• water removed from chemical structure
• drying agent

Question 18

Equivalence point

Answer 18

the point where the acid and base neutralize each other (present in equal amounts), indicated by a pH of 7

Question 19

End point

Answer 19

the point where the acid and base are completely reacted, indicated by color change

Question 20

Drying agent

Answer 20

absorbs water from organic material

Question 21

Replicate

Answer 21

similar experiments, aliqout taken from different parts of sample

Question 22

Duplicate

Answer 22

identical experiments, aliquot taken from identical parts of sample