Activity and Equilibrium Flashcards
1
Q
Neutral species effect on EQ
A
- interacts w/ solvent not ions
- EQ indep of electrolyte ( L solution containing ions) concentration
2
Q
Ionic Species effect on EQ
A
- electrolyte effect increases w/ charge
- effect indep of chem species (just charged particles)
3
Q
Common ion affect
A
- depresses solubility
- same ions already in solution, limits the amount of ions that can further dissociate in solvent
- ksp (dissociation constant) or solubility decreases
- Le Chatlier’s says equilibrium shifts to reactants side
4
Q
Uncommon ion affect
A
- ksp (dissociation constant) or solubility increases
- ions in solution dif than incoming insoluble compound
5
Q
Ionic strength formula
A
- for soluble component
- 1/2 molar concentration of ion + charge of ion squared (rep for each ion)
- typically just two components (anion and cation)
- no units
- calc within parentheses then 1/2 for most accurate calculation
6
Q
Activity Coefficient
A
- size ion occupies in H2O
- most found on tbl
- calculated by Debye Huckel eqtn
- -log AC= 0.5 (ionic chrg) ^2 sqr root ionic strength divided by 1+ 3.3 diameter of hydrated ion sqr root ionic strength solutn
7
Q
Ionic strength affect on solubility
A
- xs electrolytes decreases ion attraction
- solubility decreases
8
Q
Activity of ion
A
- activities increase solubility
- activity of ion= activity coefficient times ion concentration
9
Q
Ksp for certain salt Xm + Yn -
A
- ksp= ax^m ay^n
= activity coefficients to the same powers
= (activity coefficient x ^m)(activity coefficient y^n)(concentration x ^ m)(concentration y^n)
10
Q
Ksp equation
A
(concentration x)^coefficient in equation(concentration y)^coefficient in equation
11
Q
Solvent sphere
A
- water attracted to/ orients itself around particles to encapsulate ion
- separates solutes from each other
12
Q
Nitrates are…
A
SOLUBLE
