Exam 1 Deck Flashcards
Impetigo
Highly contagious skin infection with lesions and rash
Treatment: Mupirocin topical
Muperocin
Topical AB
Treats: Impetigo and nasal MRSA
Tinea Corporis
Aka Ringworm
Spreads through direct contact
Treatment: Topical Azole (miconazole/clotrimazole)
Tinea Pedis
AKA: Athletes Foot
Usually present during puberty in males
Treatment: Topical Azoles (miconazole or clotrimazole)
Bacitracin
Commonly known as Neosporin
Can be used in double or triple abx formulations
Does not treat MRSA
Treats: superficial wounds
Miconazole
First line for Tinea Corporis and pedis
Can also treat cutaneous candida
Low cost
Not for kids under 2
Clotrimazole
Pretty much the same as miconazole
Acne
First line non inflammatory: Benzoyl Peroxide
Inflammatory: topical retnoids or metronidazole
Terbinafine
Allylamine anti-fungal
Treats Tinea Capitus and all other Tinea’s
Can be detected in nails and skin for 3 months
Isotretinoin
Topical Retnoid
Treats severe acne (not eczema)
Ipledge needs to be done due to risks associated with fetal demise and birth defects.
Many severe adverse reactions: liver and kidneys
Topical Corticosteroids
First line for eczema and psoriasis
Low (high number) to high (low number) of potency
Thin skin= need for low potency
Potency determined by vasoconstriction
Ointments
Dry scale skin
Creams
For oozing lesions
Lotions and gels
Hair bearing areas
Eczema
Chronic patchy raised scaled skin (usually in elbows knees etc.)
Worse in winter
Treatment: topical corticosteroids
Psoriasis
Similar to eczema but found an any place on body
Goal of treatment: clear the psoriasis
Treatment: Topical Corticosteroids
Tacrolimus
Immunomodulator
Second line for eczema (if corticosteroids fail)
No preg
Can cause malignancy in rare cases
Pimecrolimus
Same as tacrolimus
Benzoyl Peroxide
First line in non-inflammatory Acne
Can stain pillow cases and clothes
Adapalene
Topical Retnoid
Used to treat non-inflammatory acne
Takes 6-8 weeks to clear face
Emollients / Aluminum Acetate
Usually dressing impregnated to treat eczema or dermatitis
Aveeno or Cetaphil are common brands of topical lotions.
Irritant Dermititis
Cause by direct contact with irritant
To relieve remove the irritant
Allergic Dermatitis
Delayed reaction to touching something in the environment
Empirical therapy
Based on clinical findings and diagnosis
Definitive therapy
Based on concrete findings such as cultures or other results
Penicillin
Treats Aerobic gram + organisms
Avoid with food
Amoxicillin
Beta Lactam ABX
Usually seen in the form Augmentin
Is the most common prescription in USA
Tastes better and requires less tablets then penicillin
Watch BUN/ Creatinine clearance
Ciprofloxacin
Fluoroquinolone ABX
many adverse reactions (ruptured tendons, photosensitivity, prolonged QTC)
Should be taken with full glass of water to ensure no crystalluria
Nitrofurantoin
Macrobid ABX
First line of treatment for UTI/cystitis
Can cause adverse respiratory symptoms
Sulfonamides
Works on both gram + & - organisms
Usually not used in monotherapy
No preg: renal/hepatic/ cbc
Doxycycline
Tetracycline
First line for Chlamydia
Also treats MRSA and other STIs
No Preg: Renal/ hepatic/ dig levels
Azithromycin
Macrolide ABX
usually used in CAP and food borne bacteria/ alt treatment for Chlamidia
Can cause torsades, increase hearing loss
Once daily tabs
Acyclovir
Nucleoside antiviral
Treats: Herpes (can be given topically too)
Varicella Zoster (shingles / chickenpox)
Epstein-Barr Virus (mono)
Safest for children
Monitor renal function
Valacyclovir
Nucleoside Antiviral
Same treatments as Acyclovir
3-5 times higher serum levels than Acyclovir
Dosed less than Acyclovir
Herpes need to knows
Women are likely to develop Cervical CA
Meds do not prevent transmission
Goal for Antivirals therapy
Decreasing Viral Load to point of not being recognized
Oseltamivir
Antiviral
Known as Tamiflu
Treatment should begin within 48 hours and last 5 days
Fluconazole
Azole Anti-fungal
First line for oral treatment for yeast
Metronidazole (Flagyl)
Nitroimidazole (ABX and anti-parasitic)
First line for trichomonas and bacterial vaginosis
BUT… has a wide range of effectiveness
Can cause seizures
Syphilis
Penicillin G only treatment
Cancer or ulcers at site of infection
Can spread to brain heart eyes and affect hearing
Gonorrhea
Ceftriaxone first line treatment
Usually co-infection with Chlamydia so also use Doxycycline
Small pustular dermatitis
Chlamydia
Treatment: Doxycycline/ secondary treatment one time dose of azithromycin
Most common STI
Pregnant women need repeat test 4 weeks later to determine the infection has resolved
Bacterial Vaginitis
Metronidazole for treatment
Fishy smell
Trichomonas
Treatment metronidazole
Yellow green vaginal discharge
Men epididymitis or urethritis
Can cause low birth weight or preterm birth for expecting mothers
Goals for UTI treatment
Eradicate organisms
Relief of symptoms
Prevention of recurring
Kava
Herbal
Treats anxiety, fatigue, insomnia
Ginkgo
Treats Dementia and vasodilation
Melatonin
Induced sleep
Should not be used more than three times a week
SAM-E
Treatment for Depression
Should not be used with Bipolar patients
St. John’s Wort
Treatment of depression
Valerian
Used for anxiety and insomnia
No Preg
