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MEDT 502 > Exam 1 Core > Flashcards

Exam 1 Core Flashcards

1
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

Gram stain: (+), cocci in clusters
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:
Catalase (+), Coagulase (+)

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2
Q

Staphylococcus epidermidis

A

Gram stain: (+), cocci in clusters
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:
Catalase (+), Coagulase (-)

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3
Q

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

A

Gram stain: (+), cocci in clusters
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:
Catalase (+), Coagulase (-)

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4
Q

Staphylococcus lugdunensis

A

Gram stain: (+), cocci in clusters
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:
Catalase (+), Coagulase (-)

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5
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A

Gram stain: (+), cocci in chains
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:
Catalase (-)

Virulence Factors:

  • Surface
  • Hyaluronic acid capsule
  • M protein cell surface antigen
  • Enzymes
  • Streptolysin O & S
  • Streptokinases
  • Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins (SPE’s)
  • DNAse

Human Pathogenic Potential:

  • Via exotoxin: strep throat, scarlet fever, [streptococcal] pharyngitis, skin infections, [streptococcal] toxic shock syndrome
  • Antibody-mediated, i.e. delayed (sequelae): rheumatic fever, acute glomerular nephritis,
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6
Q

Streptococcus agalactiae

A

Gram stain: (+), cocci in chains
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:
Catalase (-)

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7
Q

Other beta hemolytic streps

A

Gram stain: (+), cocci in chains
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:
Catalase (-)

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8
Q

Streptococcus anginosus (milleri) group

A

Gram stain: (+), cocci in chains
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:
Catalase (-)

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9
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Gram stain: (+), cocci in chains
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:
Catalase (-)

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10
Q

Group D streptococci

A

Gram stain: (+), cocci in chains
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:
Catalase (-)

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10
Q

Viridans strep group

A

Gram stain:(+), cocci in chains
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:
Catalase (-)

Member organisms:

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11
Q

Viridans strep group

A

Gram stain: (+), cocci in chains
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:
Catalase (-)

Member organisms:

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13
Q

Enterococcus faecium

A

Gram stain:
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:
Catalase (-)

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14
Q

Micrococcus sp.

A

Gram stain:
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:
Catalase ()

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14
Q

Diphtheroids

A

Gram stain:
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:

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15
Q

Fastidious alpha streptococci

A

Gram stain: (+), cocci in chains
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:
Catalase (-)

Member organisms:
Abiotropha, Aerococcus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, Gemella

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17
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

(RF p. 155 [sp.])
Gram stain:
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:

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18
Q

Corynebacterium jeikeium

A

(RF p. 155 [sp.])
Gram stain:
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:

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19
Q

Corynebacterium urealyticum

A

(RF p. 155 [sp.])
Gram stain:
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:

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20
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A

(RF p. 156-157)
Gram stain:
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:

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20
Q

Arcanobacterium haemolyticum

A

Gram stain:
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:

Arcanobacterium pyogenes

21
Q

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

A

(RF p. 156 [sp.])
Gram stain:
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:

23
Q

Lactobacillus

A

(RF p. 156)
Gram stain:
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:

24
Q

Actinomyces

A

Gram stain:
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:

25
Q

Rhodococcus equi

A

Gram stain:
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:

26
Q

Structural Bacterial Virulence Factors

A

Capsule
Pili (Fimbrae)
Etc.

27
Q

Endotoxin/Exotoxin

A

Endotoxin:

Exotoxin:

28
Q

Physical disinfection methods

A

UV light

Etc.

29
Q

Chemical disinfection methods

A

Ethylene oxide

Etc.

30
Q

Blood agar, sheep (SBAP)

A

Allows for determination of hemolysis patterns

31
Q

Gram stain

A

Carried out by: crystal violet, iodine, decolorizer, safranin
Gram (+) - thick cell wall holds CV; stains purple
Gram (-) - thinner cell wall decolorized more easily; stains pink/red

32
Q

Trypticase soy agar

A

Wha???

33
Q

Columbia CNA agar with 5% sheep blood

A

I forget..

Also need to mention Phenyl ethyl alcohol agar (PEA)

34
Q

Mannitol salt agar

A

Selective: only organisms that can tolerate (percentage) salt will grow

Differential: only organisms that ferment mannitol will turn the red medium (contains pH indicator) yellow

35
Q

Coagulase test

A

Differentiates Staphylococcus aureus (+) from other Staphylococcus sp. (-)
Can test for clumping factor (slide coagulase test) or for free coagulase (tube coagulase test)

36
Q

Staph latex agglutination

A

Test for presence of clumping factor

37
Q

Catalase test

A

Differentiates Staphylococci and Micrococcae from other Gram(+) cocci. Staphylococci and micrococcae produce catalase, which cleaves hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.

Procedure:

  • Smear colony onto slide
  • Cover bacteria in 3% H2O2

Results:
Positive (staphylococci): many bubbles of O2 form, for sustained period (distinguished from small “oxidative burst” that may be observed in Enterococcae [or just E. faecalis??]

38
Q

Novobiocin susceptibility test

A

Differentiates …

39
Q

Bacitracin susceptibility test

A

Differentiates …

40
Q

Bile esculin agar

A

Selective: only organisms that use 40% bile can grow
Differential: only organisms that reduce esculin into esculetin + (what?) will produce brown/black color

41
Q

Sodium hippurate broth

A

Differentiates …

Positive result gives purple color

42
Q

6.5% sodium chloride broth

A

Selective:

43
Q

Optochin susceptibility test

A

Differentiates:
Zone size must be measured
– >15 mm for 6mm disk
– >20…fill in

44
Q

Bile solubility test

A

Differentiates:

Tests for presence of autolysin(?)

45
Q

PYR test

A

Differentiates:

Tests for presence of

46
Q

CAMP test

A

Differentiates: Group B streptococci from other streptococci. Group B streptococci produce CAMP factor, a diffusible extracellular protein that acts synergistically with beta-lysin of S. aureus.

Procedure:

  • Streak a beta-lysin-producing S. aureus down the center of SBAP plate
  • Streak test organism perpendicular to S. aureus (not touching, but within about 5 mm of S. aureus)
  • Incubate overnight (35 C, ambient)

Results:

  • Positive (S. agalactiae, i.e. GBS) : arrowhead-shaped zone of enhanced beta hemolysis at juncture of test organism and S. aureus
  • Negative (
47
Q

Motility test

A

In tube: looks at whether or not there are flagella

48
Q

TSI agar slant

A

pink/pink
pink/yellow
yellow/yellow
Never yellow/pink??

49
Q

Urea agar

A

Test for urease

50
Q

Nitrate broth

A

Test for ability to metabolize nitrate

MEDT 502 (2 decks)

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