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MEDT 502 > Exam 1 Core > Flashcards

Exam 1 Core Flashcards

1
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

Gram stain: (+), cocci in clusters
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:
Catalase (+), Coagulase (+)

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2
Q

Staphylococcus epidermidis

A

Gram stain: (+), cocci in clusters
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:
Catalase (+), Coagulase (-)

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3
Q

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

A

Gram stain: (+), cocci in clusters
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:
Catalase (+), Coagulase (-)

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4
Q

Staphylococcus lugdunensis

A

Gram stain: (+), cocci in clusters
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:
Catalase (+), Coagulase (-)

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5
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A

Gram stain: (+), cocci in chains
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:
Catalase (-)

Virulence Factors:

  • Surface
  • Hyaluronic acid capsule
  • M protein cell surface antigen
  • Enzymes
  • Streptolysin O & S
  • Streptokinases
  • Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins (SPE’s)
  • DNAse

Human Pathogenic Potential:

  • Via exotoxin: strep throat, scarlet fever, [streptococcal] pharyngitis, skin infections, [streptococcal] toxic shock syndrome
  • Antibody-mediated, i.e. delayed (sequelae): rheumatic fever, acute glomerular nephritis,
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6
Q

Streptococcus agalactiae

A

Gram stain: (+), cocci in chains
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:
Catalase (-)

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7
Q

Other beta hemolytic streps

A

Gram stain: (+), cocci in chains
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:
Catalase (-)

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8
Q

Streptococcus anginosus (milleri) group

A

Gram stain: (+), cocci in chains
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:
Catalase (-)

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9
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Gram stain: (+), cocci in chains
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:
Catalase (-)

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10
Q

Group D streptococci

A

Gram stain: (+), cocci in chains
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:
Catalase (-)

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10
Q

Viridans strep group

A

Gram stain:(+), cocci in chains
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:
Catalase (-)

Member organisms:

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11
Q

Viridans strep group

A

Gram stain: (+), cocci in chains
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:
Catalase (-)

Member organisms:

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13
Q

Enterococcus faecium

A

Gram stain:
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:
Catalase (-)

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14
Q

Micrococcus sp.

A

Gram stain:
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:
Catalase ()

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14
Q

Diphtheroids

A

Gram stain:
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:

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15
Q

Fastidious alpha streptococci

A

Gram stain: (+), cocci in chains
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:
Catalase (-)

Member organisms:
Abiotropha, Aerococcus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, Gemella

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17
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

(RF p. 155 [sp.])
Gram stain:
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:

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18
Q

Corynebacterium jeikeium

A

(RF p. 155 [sp.])
Gram stain:
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:

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19
Q

Corynebacterium urealyticum

A

(RF p. 155 [sp.])
Gram stain:
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:

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20
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A

(RF p. 156-157)
Gram stain:
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:

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20
Q

Arcanobacterium haemolyticum

A

Gram stain:
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:

Arcanobacterium pyogenes

21
Q

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

A

(RF p. 156 [sp.])
Gram stain:
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:

23
Q

Lactobacillus

A

(RF p. 156)
Gram stain:
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:

24
Q

Actinomyces

A

Gram stain:
Morphology:
Biochemical tests:

25
Rhodococcus equi
Gram stain: Morphology: Biochemical tests:
26
Structural Bacterial Virulence Factors
Capsule Pili (Fimbrae) Etc.
27
Endotoxin/Exotoxin
Endotoxin: Exotoxin:
28
Physical disinfection methods
UV light | Etc.
29
Chemical disinfection methods
Ethylene oxide | Etc.
30
Blood agar, sheep (SBAP)
Allows for determination of hemolysis patterns
31
Gram stain
Carried out by: crystal violet, iodine, decolorizer, safranin Gram (+) - thick cell wall holds CV; stains purple Gram (-) - thinner cell wall decolorized more easily; stains pink/red
32
Trypticase soy agar
Wha???
33
Columbia CNA agar with 5% sheep blood
I forget.. Also need to mention Phenyl ethyl alcohol agar (PEA)
34
Mannitol salt agar
Selective: only organisms that can tolerate (percentage) salt will grow Differential: only organisms that ferment mannitol will turn the red medium (contains pH indicator) yellow
35
Coagulase test
Differentiates Staphylococcus aureus (+) from other Staphylococcus sp. (-) Can test for clumping factor (slide coagulase test) or for free coagulase (tube coagulase test)
36
Staph latex agglutination
Test for presence of clumping factor
37
Catalase test
Differentiates Staphylococci and Micrococcae from other Gram(+) cocci. Staphylococci and micrococcae produce catalase, which cleaves hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. Procedure: * Smear colony onto slide * Cover bacteria in 3% H2O2 Results: Positive (staphylococci): many bubbles of O2 form, for sustained period (distinguished from small "oxidative burst" that may be observed in Enterococcae [or just E. faecalis??]
38
Novobiocin susceptibility test
Differentiates ...
39
Bacitracin susceptibility test
Differentiates ...
40
Bile esculin agar
Selective: only organisms that use 40% bile can grow Differential: only organisms that reduce esculin into esculetin + (what?) will produce brown/black color
41
Sodium hippurate broth
Differentiates ... | Positive result gives purple color
42
6.5% sodium chloride broth
Selective:
43
Optochin susceptibility test
Differentiates: Zone size must be measured -- >15 mm for 6mm disk -- >20...fill in
44
Bile solubility test
Differentiates: | Tests for presence of autolysin(?)
45
PYR test
Differentiates: | Tests for presence of
46
CAMP test
Differentiates: Group B streptococci from other streptococci. Group B streptococci produce CAMP factor, a diffusible extracellular protein that acts synergistically with beta-lysin of S. aureus. Procedure: * Streak a beta-lysin-producing S. aureus down the center of SBAP plate * Streak test organism perpendicular to S. aureus (not touching, but within about 5 mm of S. aureus) * Incubate overnight (35 C, ambient) Results: * Positive (S. agalactiae, i.e. GBS) : arrowhead-shaped zone of enhanced beta hemolysis at juncture of test organism and S. aureus * Negative (
47
Motility test
In tube: looks at whether or not there are flagella
48
TSI agar slant
pink/pink pink/yellow yellow/yellow Never yellow/pink??
49
Urea agar
Test for urease
50
Nitrate broth
Test for ability to metabolize nitrate

MEDT 502 (2 decks)

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