Exam 1 Content Flashcards
what is decision making?
- Cognitive Process
- Choosing a course of action
- Usually triggered by a problem but is often handled in a matter that does not focus on eliminating the underlying problem
It is a complex process.. Make a logical choice between solutions and alternatives. One of the most leadership activities that we do. Core of management. Make a decision when a doubt exists.
what are frequent errors in decision making?
- Afraid to make a decision
- No clear objective for decision
- Limited data gathering
- Faulty Thinking
- Too much time spent identifying the problem
- Limited Alternatives
- Lack of self-awareness
- Refusal to act
- Using outcome only for evaluation
what is problem solving?
Systematic Process
Analyzing a difficult situation
Always includes a decision-making step
Attempts to identify the root of the problem
find out what the root of the problem (what is causing this problem).
what is critical thinking?
- Reflective Thinking
- Higher Order Thinking
- Affective Components
Try to determine meaning, statements, consequences… more evaluative. Form judgement from information that you have. Making logic of the information given to you. Broader than problem solving
Higher order thinking: blooms taxonomy.. Analyzing, conceptualizing… start to break things apart. Start to synthesize. Intuition, insight, empathy (you understand what they are going through)
what is clinical reasoning?
- Higher Order Thinking Skills
- Identify Patient Problems
- Direct appropriate actions:
- For Positive Patient Outcomes
- Nurses integrate knowledge, weigh evidence,
Think, Reflect, and Diagnose - Based on Knowledge & experience
Example: anything you start seeing when you bring in knowledge and evidence. A student identified that a lab value is elevated after surgery. You bring in evidence of knowledge. What are you going to do further with the information you have.
what are theoretical approaches?
- Limit use of unconscious processes
- Framework for Clinical Decisions
- Formal Process and Structure
- Increases Clinical Reasoning
- Professional Approach
Ex. When you make decisions too quickly from a respiratory perspective… etc..listen to lungs and heard rails, you want to …
Additional lab tests. Contact doctor.
Scientific approaches. Terms we use ; we make decisions too quickly…
Unconcious intution that we use
Ex. Midwife: know when something is going on with baby or bp is effecting mom…based on experience. Unconcious. Don’t base it on your intuition….use a framework.
We want scientific basis. Evidence-based. Theoretical based…same terminology
what is traditional problem solving process?
- Identify Problem
- Gather & Analyze Data
- Explore Alternative Solutions
4, Evaluate Alternatives - Select Appropriate Solution
- Implement Solution
- Evaluate Results
Theoretical approach (scientific) strategic method that is evidence based and has order
Most well-known problem-solving method
Time consuming.*
Key point: process on how you make a decision. No objective.* When you don’t have an object, you can easily get side tracked.
what is the managerial model?
- Establish Objective
- Research & Identify Solutions
- Compare & Contrast Solutions & Consequences
- Make Decisions
- Implement Plan
- Evaluate Results
Came about because there were weaknesses that were found with traditional problem-solving methods:
First problem with traditional? No objective. And this one establishes one.
Very rational…used alot in business
Look at solutions and compare and contrast
what is the nursing process?
Assess Diagnose Plan Implement Evaluate
This is a theoretical approach.
Resembles decision making process and you assess and identify a problem, collect data,
what are components of the integrated ethical model?
- State the Problem
- Collect Data & Analyze
- Develop Alternatives, Analyze, & Compare
- Select Best Alternative & Justify
- Develop Strategies, Implement & Take Action
- Evaluate outcomes & prevent occurrence
Structured approach to problem solving.
Assess problem, analyze problem, evaluate it.
Key point: when you evaluate, if during this evaluation then you find a way to reduce prevalence of this problem. You try to find ways to PREVENT from this problem reoccurring again.
what are critical elements in decision making?
- Clearly Define Objectives
- Gather Data
- Take Time
- Evidence – Based Approach
- Generate Alternatives
- Think Logically
- Choose & Act Decisively
what individual variations affect decision making?
Gender Values Life Experience: education levels Individual Preference: risk-takers, energy level, time Brain Hemisphere & Thinking Styles
what is the limit individual vulnerability in decision making?
- Values
- Life Experience
- Individual Preference
- Individual Ways of Thinking
Can limit you.
Lack of experience? Ask. Use Resources. Research. Consult with others. Group process.
what are qualities of a successful decision maker?
Courage: risk-taker Sensitivity: receive and be receptive to environment Energy: need to have energy, not sit around Creativity: new way of thinking, innovative Understands Gender Personal individual values Life experience Preferences Willingness to take risks Brain hemisphere dominance Predominant thinking style
what kind of decision making occurs in organizations?
Organizations Influences Process
Conflict in Organizational Decision Dynamics
Powerful Influence Decision-Making
Organization can influence on how you make decisions. Organization has the power and impact.
When you enter an organization, have self-awareness about your values and such and then how you can mesh your characteristics with the organization
Find a balance. Ex. More staff= higher satisfaction for nurses but higher cost for organization and is too expensive..
