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Enviro. 110 > Exam 1 Concepts > Flashcards

Exam 1 Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

Evolution of the term “biodiversity”?

A

Natural heritage
natural diversity
biological diversity
bio diversity

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2
Q

Who is E.O. Wilson?

A

naturalist who studied ants

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3
Q

What happened on Krakatau?

A

A volcano obliterated all life on the island, however when scientists went to study the island they saw that organisms were already back

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4
Q

4 components of the food web?

A

the sun
producers
consumers
decomposers

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5
Q

How do humans come face-to-face with biodiversity?

A

In the food we eat

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6
Q

Why care about biodiversity?

A

Biological
Utilitarian
Aesthetic
Moral

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7
Q

Main message from Easter Island?

A

If using resources above the sustainable rate, carrying capacity will be reached and a die-off will occur

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8
Q

Why did the forests of Easter Island disappear?

A

Deforestation (resources)
Rats (competition)
The Little Ice Age (stress)

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9
Q

Who were the ancestors of the Easter Island people and how was that discovered/ other theory?

A

Polynesians, discovered through DNA

Chileans, could have used a primitive vessel

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10
Q

How to write a scientific name?

A

Genus, species

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11
Q

How does evolution take place?

A

Via natural selection based on variation

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12
Q

First to meet the Easter Island people?

A

The Dutch (most advanced of the time)

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13
Q

Types of species identification?

A

Morphological
Genetic
Ecological
Bioeconomic

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14
Q

Relation of genus and species?

A

All species in a genus are related to the other species in their genus

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15
Q

Relation of genus and family?

A

Members of the same genera share a common ancestor with the other members of its family

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16
Q

Relation of family and order?

A

Every family shares a common ancestor from the same order

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17
Q

How do new species arise and what acts upon this?

A

Through variation in the species, with which natural selection acts upon

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18
Q

How to get natural selection to produce speciation?

A

Reproductive isolation

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19
Q

Two types of speciation and define?

A

Allopatic (geographical)

Sympatric (when genetic differences accumulate within a population living together)

20
Q

What are different versions of the same gene called?

A

Alleles

21
Q

Relation of variation and species resistance?

A

Direct relationship

22
Q

Relation of variation and species resistance?

A

Direct relationship

23
Q

What do genes do for us?

A

Genes provide inherited variation

24
Q

Different levels of biodiversity?

A

Genus
Species
Ecosystems

25
Q

Main reason for loss of genetic diversity?

A

Habitat fragmentation

26
Q

Consequences of inbreeding?

A

Homozygosity leading to inbreeding depression

27
Q

Convergent evolution?

A

Same biological traits, unrelated lineage

28
Q

Lazarus effect?

A

thought extinct, re-encountered

29
Q

How to get new species?

A

Speciation via variation and isolation

30
Q

What period are we in?

A

Quaternary period

31
Q

How many eons and eras?

A

4 eons, 12 eras

32
Q

Sources of variation?

A

Mutation

Genetic recombination

33
Q

First life on earth?

A

Single-celled microbes

34
Q

What did early cells have?

A

Metabolism and Reproduction

35
Q

What are the genetically-distinct domains of organisms?

A

Bacteria
Archaea (Extremophiles)
Eukaryotes (Complex organisms)

36
Q

First types of animals on land?

A

Vertebrates and arthropods

37
Q

How has biodiversity been checked?

A

By 5 mass extinction events

38
Q

General time-lapse of life on Earth?

A

Single-celled microbes, bacteria archaeological eukaryotes, atmosphere then had more oxygen that bacteria utilized, then sexual reproduction allowed for genetic diversity via gene shuffling, then the ice ages saw the emergence of animals, then plants colonized land and animals followed.

39
Q

What causes mass extinction events?

A

Climate change
Meteorites
Competition/predation/interference

40
Q

What is genetic drift?

A

Random change in the frequency of an allele in a population

41
Q

What is a population bottleneck?

A

When a population size is reduced for at least one generation

42
Q

What is the founders effect?

A

When a few individuals in a new population have a reduced genetic variation

43
Q

Evidence for continental drift?

A

Puzzle fits
Geologic formation
Paleontology

44
Q

What is Wallace’s line?

A

Boundary separating the ecosystems of Asia and Wallacea

45
Q

What kind of concept is biodiversity?

A

Geographic

46
Q

Abiotic factors influencing species range?

A 
Water
Light
Cimate
Altitude and elevation
Soil
47
Q

Biotic factors influencing species range?

A

Competition
Predation
Mutualism

Enviro. 110 (18 decks)

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