Exam 1 Concepts

Question 1

Evolution of the term “biodiversity”?

Answer 1

Natural heritage
natural diversity
biological diversity
bio diversity

Question 2

Who is E.O. Wilson?

Answer 2

naturalist who studied ants

Question 3

What happened on Krakatau?

Answer 3

A volcano obliterated all life on the island, however when scientists went to study the island they saw that organisms were already back

Question 4

4 components of the food web?

Answer 4

the sun
producers
consumers
decomposers

Question 5

How do humans come face-to-face with biodiversity?

Answer 5

In the food we eat

Question 6

Why care about biodiversity?

Answer 6

Biological
Utilitarian
Aesthetic
Moral

Question 7

Main message from Easter Island?

Answer 7

If using resources above the sustainable rate, carrying capacity will be reached and a die-off will occur

Question 8

Why did the forests of Easter Island disappear?

Answer 8

Deforestation (resources)
Rats (competition)
The Little Ice Age (stress)

Question 9

Who were the ancestors of the Easter Island people and how was that discovered/ other theory?

Answer 9

Polynesians, discovered through DNA

Chileans, could have used a primitive vessel

Question 10

How to write a scientific name?

Answer 10

Genus, species

Question 11

How does evolution take place?

Answer 11

Via natural selection based on variation

Question 12

First to meet the Easter Island people?

Answer 12

The Dutch (most advanced of the time)

Question 13

Types of species identification?

Answer 13

Morphological
Genetic
Ecological
Bioeconomic

Question 14

Relation of genus and species?

Answer 14

All species in a genus are related to the other species in their genus

Question 15

Relation of genus and family?

Answer 15

Members of the same genera share a common ancestor with the other members of its family

Question 16

Relation of family and order?

Answer 16

Every family shares a common ancestor from the same order

Question 17

How do new species arise and what acts upon this?

Answer 17

Through variation in the species, with which natural selection acts upon

Question 18

How to get natural selection to produce speciation?

Answer 18

Reproductive isolation

Question 19

Two types of speciation and define?

Answer 19

Allopatic (geographical)

Sympatric (when genetic differences accumulate within a population living together)

Question 20

What are different versions of the same gene called?

Answer 20

Alleles

Question 21

Relation of variation and species resistance?

Answer 21

Direct relationship

Question 22

Relation of variation and species resistance?

Answer 22

Direct relationship

Question 23

What do genes do for us?

Answer 23

Genes provide inherited variation

Question 24

Different levels of biodiversity?

Answer 24

Genus
Species
Ecosystems

Question 25

Main reason for loss of genetic diversity?

Answer 25

Habitat fragmentation

Question 26

Consequences of inbreeding?

Answer 26

Homozygosity leading to inbreeding depression

Question 27

Convergent evolution?

Answer 27

Same biological traits, unrelated lineage

Question 28

Lazarus effect?

Answer 28

thought extinct, re-encountered

Question 29

How to get new species?

Answer 29

Speciation via variation and isolation

Question 30

What period are we in?

Answer 30

Quaternary period

Question 31

How many eons and eras?

Answer 31

4 eons, 12 eras

Question 32

Sources of variation?

Answer 32

Mutation | Genetic recombination

Question 33

First life on earth?

Answer 33

Single-celled microbes

Question 34

What did early cells have?

Answer 34

Metabolism and Reproduction

Question 35

What are the genetically-distinct domains of organisms?

Answer 35

Bacteria Archaea (Extremophiles) Eukaryotes (Complex organisms)

Question 36

First types of animals on land?

Answer 36

Vertebrates and arthropods

Question 37

How has biodiversity been checked?

Answer 37

By 5 mass extinction events

Question 38

General time-lapse of life on Earth?

Answer 38

Single-celled microbes, bacteria archaeological eukaryotes, atmosphere then had more oxygen that bacteria utilized, then sexual reproduction allowed for genetic diversity via gene shuffling, then the ice ages saw the emergence of animals, then plants colonized land and animals followed.

Question 39

What causes mass extinction events?

Answer 39

Climate change Meteorites Competition/predation/interference

Question 40

What is genetic drift?

Answer 40

Random change in the frequency of an allele in a population

Question 41

What is a population bottleneck?

Answer 41

When a population size is reduced for at least one generation

Question 42

What is the founders effect?

Answer 42

When a few individuals in a new population have a reduced genetic variation

Question 43

Evidence for continental drift?

Answer 43

Puzzle fits Geologic formation Paleontology

Question 44

What is Wallace's line?

Answer 44

Boundary separating the ecosystems of Asia and Wallacea

Question 45

What kind of concept is biodiversity?

Answer 45

Geographic

Question 46

Abiotic factors influencing species range?

Answer 46

``` Water Light Cimate Altitude and elevation Soil ```

Question 47

Biotic factors influencing species range?

Answer 47

Competition Predation Mutualism