Exam 1 Concepts Flashcards
Evolution of the term “biodiversity”?
Natural heritage
natural diversity
biological diversity
bio diversity
Who is E.O. Wilson?
naturalist who studied ants
What happened on Krakatau?
A volcano obliterated all life on the island, however when scientists went to study the island they saw that organisms were already back
4 components of the food web?
the sun
producers
consumers
decomposers
How do humans come face-to-face with biodiversity?
In the food we eat
Why care about biodiversity?
Biological
Utilitarian
Aesthetic
Moral
Main message from Easter Island?
If using resources above the sustainable rate, carrying capacity will be reached and a die-off will occur
Why did the forests of Easter Island disappear?
Deforestation (resources)
Rats (competition)
The Little Ice Age (stress)
Who were the ancestors of the Easter Island people and how was that discovered/ other theory?
Polynesians, discovered through DNA
Chileans, could have used a primitive vessel
How to write a scientific name?
Genus, species
How does evolution take place?
Via natural selection based on variation
First to meet the Easter Island people?
The Dutch (most advanced of the time)
Types of species identification?
Morphological
Genetic
Ecological
Bioeconomic
Relation of genus and species?
All species in a genus are related to the other species in their genus
Relation of genus and family?
Members of the same genera share a common ancestor with the other members of its family
Relation of family and order?
Every family shares a common ancestor from the same order
How do new species arise and what acts upon this?
Through variation in the species, with which natural selection acts upon
How to get natural selection to produce speciation?
Reproductive isolation
Two types of speciation and define?
Allopatic (geographical)
Sympatric (when genetic differences accumulate within a population living together)
What are different versions of the same gene called?
Alleles
Relation of variation and species resistance?
Direct relationship
Relation of variation and species resistance?
Direct relationship
What do genes do for us?
Genes provide inherited variation
Different levels of biodiversity?
Genus
Species
Ecosystems
Main reason for loss of genetic diversity?
Habitat fragmentation
Consequences of inbreeding?
Homozygosity leading to inbreeding depression
Convergent evolution?
Same biological traits, unrelated lineage
Lazarus effect?
thought extinct, re-encountered
How to get new species?
Speciation via variation and isolation
What period are we in?
Quaternary period
How many eons and eras?
4 eons, 12 eras
Sources of variation?
Mutation
Genetic recombination
First life on earth?
Single-celled microbes
What did early cells have?
Metabolism and Reproduction
What are the genetically-distinct domains of organisms?
Bacteria
Archaea (Extremophiles)
Eukaryotes (Complex organisms)
First types of animals on land?
Vertebrates and arthropods
How has biodiversity been checked?
By 5 mass extinction events
General time-lapse of life on Earth?
Single-celled microbes, bacteria archaeological eukaryotes, atmosphere then had more oxygen that bacteria utilized, then sexual reproduction allowed for genetic diversity via gene shuffling, then the ice ages saw the emergence of animals, then plants colonized land and animals followed.
What causes mass extinction events?
Climate change
Meteorites
Competition/predation/interference
What is genetic drift?
Random change in the frequency of an allele in a population
What is a population bottleneck?
When a population size is reduced for at least one generation
What is the founders effect?
When a few individuals in a new population have a reduced genetic variation
Evidence for continental drift?
Puzzle fits
Geologic formation
Paleontology
What is Wallace’s line?
Boundary separating the ecosystems of Asia and Wallacea
What kind of concept is biodiversity?
Geographic
Abiotic factors influencing species range?
Water Light Cimate Altitude and elevation Soil
Biotic factors influencing species range?
Competition
Predation
Mutualism
