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Head and Neck Anatomy > Exam 1; Concepts > Flashcards

Exam 1; Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

Supra-Orbital Foramen

A

(1) Supra-orbital nerve (branch of the Frontal nerve from CNV1); (2) Supra-orbital vessels.

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2
Q

Infra-Orbital Foramen

A

(1) Infra-orbital nerve; (2) Infra-orbital vessels.

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3
Q

Mental Foramen

A

(1) Mental nerve (branch from CNV3); (2) Mental vessels.

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4
Q

Foramen Ovale

A

(1) Mandibular trigeminal nerve (CNV3).

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5
Q

Foramen Spinosum

A

(1) Middle meningeal artery.

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6
Q

Foramen Lacerum

A

(1) Nothing; filled with cartilage.

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7
Q

Carotid Canal

A

(1) Internal carotid artery (w/ nerve plexus)

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8
Q

Foramen Magnum

A

(1) Brain stem and spinal cord; (2) vertebral arteries; (3) root of the accessory nerve [XI].

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9
Q

Hypoglossal Canal

A

(1) Hypoglossal nerve [XII].

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10
Q

Jugular Foramen

A

(1) Internal jugular vein; (2) glossopharyngeal nerve [IX]; (3) vagus nerve [X]; (3) accessory nerve [XI].

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11
Q

Stylomastoid Foramen

A

(1) Facial nerve [VII].

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12
Q

Optic Canal

A

(1) Optic nerve [II]; (2) ophthalmic artery.

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13
Q

Superior Orbital Fissure

A

(1) Oculomotor nerve [III]; (2) trochlear nerve [IV]; (3) opthalmic trigeminal [CNV1]; (4) abducent nerve [VI]; (5) ophthalmic vein.

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14
Q

Foramen Rotundum

A

(1) Maxillary trigeminal [CNV2].

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15
Q

Internal Acoustic Meatus

A

(1) Facial nerve [VII]; (2) vestibulocochlear nerve [VIII].

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16
Q

Superior Sagital Sinus

A

Location: superior border of the falx cerebri; Receives: superior cerebral, diploic and emissary veins, CSF.

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17
Q

Confluence of the Sinuses

A

Location: near the internal occipital protuberance; Receives: superior sagital sinus, straight sinus, occipital sinus.

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18
Q

Transverse Sinus

A

Location: bilateral extensions from the confluence; Receives: confluence drainage, cerebral, cerebellar, diploic and emissary veins.

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19
Q

Sigmoid Sinus

A

Location: between the transverse sinus and the internal jugular veins; Receives: transverse sinus, cerebral, cerebellar, diploic, and emissary veins.

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20
Q

Cavernous Sinus

A

Location: lateral aspect of the sphenoid; Receives: cerebral and ophthalmic veins, emissary veins.

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21
Q

Orbicularis Oculi

A

Innervation: facial nerve [VII]; Function: closes the eyelid.

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22
Q

Corrugator Supercilii

A

Innervation: facial nerve [VII]; Function: draws the eyelid in and down.

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23
Q

Nasalis

A

Innervation: facial nerve [VII]; Function: moves the nasal aperture, opens the nostrils.

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24
Q

Depressor Anguli Oris

A

Innervation: facial nerve [VII]; Function: draws the corner of the mouth downward.

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25
Q

Depressor Labii Inferioris

A

Innervation: facial nerve [VII]; Function: draws the lower lip downward.

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26
Q

Mentalis

A

Innervation: facial nerve [VII]; Function: raises and protrudes the lower lip.

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27
Q

Risorius

A

Innervation: facial nerve [VII]; Function: retracts the corners of the mouth.

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28
Q

Zygomaticus Major

A

Innervation: facial nerve [VII]; Function: draws the corner of the mouth up and out.

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29
Q

Zygomaticus Minor

A

Innervation: facial nerve [VII]; Function: draws the upper lip upward.

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30
Q

Levator Labii Superioris

A

Innervation: facial nerve [VII]; Function: raises the upper lip.

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31
Q

Levator Anguli Oris

A

Innervation: facial nerve [VII]; Function: raises the corner of the mouth.

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32
Q

Orbicularis Oris

A

Innervation: facial nerve [VII]; Function: closes and protrudes the lips.

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33
Q

Buccinator

A

Innervation: facial nerve [VII]; Function: presses the cheek against the teeth.

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34
Q

Occipitofrontalis

A

Innervation: facial nerve [VII]; Function: draws the scalp backward, wrinkles the forehead.

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35
Q

Masseter

A

Innervation: mandibular trigeminal [V3]; Function: elevates the mandible, closing the mouth for mastication.

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36
Q

Temporalis

A

Innervation: mandibular trigeminal [V3]; Function: elevates and retracts the mandible during mastication.

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37
Q

Medial Pterygoid

A

Innervation: mandibular trigeminal [V3]; Function: elevation and side-to-side movement of the mandible for mastication.

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38
Q

Lateral Pterygoid

A

Innervation: mandibular trigeminal [V3]; Function: elevation and side-to-side movement of the mandible for mastication.

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39
Q

Tensor Tympani

A

Innervation: mandibular trigeminal [V3];Function: Contracts to pull the malleus and tighten the tympanic membrane; protects against loud noises.

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40
Q

Levator Palpebrae Superioris

A

Innervation: Oculomotor nerve [III]; Function: elevates the upper eyelid.

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41
Q

Superior Rectus

A

Innervation: Oculomotor nerve [III]; Function: Upward rotation of the eyeball.

42
Q

Inferior Rectus

A

Innervation: Oculomotor nerve [III]; Function: downward rotation of the eyeball.

43
Q

Medial Rectus

A

Innervation: Oculomotor nerve [III]; Function: inward rotation of the eyeball.

44
Q

Lateral Rectus

A

Innervation: Abducent nerve [VI]; Function: outward rotation of the eyeball.

45
Q

Superior Oblique

A

Innervation: Trochlear nerve [IV]; Function: Rotates the eyeball downward and out.

46
Q

Inferior Oblique

A

Innervation: Oculomotor nerve [III]; Function: rotates the eyeball upward and out.

47
Q

Sternohyoid

A

Innervation: Ansa cervicalis; Function: depresses the hyoid bone.

48
Q

Omohyoid

A

Innervation: Ansa cervicalis; Function: depresses the hyoid bone.

49
Q

Thyrohyoid

A

Innervation: Hypoglossal nerve [XII]; Function: depresses the hyoid and raises the larynx.

50
Q

Sternothyroid

A

Innervation: Ansa cervicalis; Function: draws the larynx downward.

51
Q

Anterior Digastric

A

Innervation: Mandibular trigeminal [V3]; Function: lowers the mandibl, opens the mouth, and raises the hyoid.

52
Q

Posterior Digastric

A

Innervation: Facial nerve [VII]; Function: pulls the hyoid bone up and back.

53
Q

Mylohyoid

A

Innervation: Mandibular trigeminal [V3]; Function: elevates the hyoid bone and elevates the floor of the mouth.

54
Q

Stylohyoid

A

Innervation: Facial nerve [VII]; Function: pulls the hyoid bone up and back.

55
Q

Geniohyoid

A

Innervation: C1 via Hypoglossal nerve [XII]; elevates the hyoid, pulls the mandible downward.

56
Q

Genioglossus

A

Innervation: Hypoglossal nerve [XII]; Function: protrudes the tongue.

57
Q

Hyoglossus

A

Innervation: Hypoglossal nerve [XII]; Function: depresses the tongue.

58
Q

Styloglossus

A

Innervation: Hypoglossal nerve [XII]; Function: elevates and retracts the tongue.

59
Q

Ciliary Muscle

A

Innervation: Short ciliary nerve (from Oculomotor nerve [III]); Function: constricts the ciliary body, rounds the lens, accomodation of vision.

60
Q

Ciliary Body

A

This refers to a portion of the eye that includes the ciliary muscle (which controls the shape of the lens), and the ciliary epithelium (which produces aqueous humor).

61
Q

Pupillary Sphincter

A

Innervation: Oculomotor nerve [III]; Function: constricts the pupil.

62
Q

Pupillary Dilator

A

Innervation: Oculomotor sympathetics, via the ophthalmic artery; Function: dilates the pupil.

63
Q

Ciliary Ganglion

A

Innervation: Oculomotor nerve [III]; Function: innervates the pupillary sphincter and ciliary muscles.

64
Q

Pterygopalatine Ganglion

A

Innervation: Facial nerve [VII]; Function: innervates the lacrimal glands, mucus glands, and maxillary sinus.

65
Q

Otic Ganglion

A

Innervation: Glossopharyngeal nerve [IX]; Function: innervates the parotid gland.

66
Q

Submandibular Ganglion

A

Innervation: Facial nerve [VII]; Function: innervates the submandibular and sublingual glands.

67
Q

Ascending Pharyngeal Artery

A

Supplies: pharyngeal constrictors, stylopharyngeus, palate, tonsils.

68
Q

Superior Thyroid Artery

A

Supplies: thyrohyoid, internal larynx, sternocleidomastoid, cricothyroid, thyroid gland.

69
Q

Lingual Artery

A

Supplies: tongue, palatine tonsil, soft palate, epiglottis, floor of the mouth, sublingual gland.

70
Q

Facial Artery

A

Supplies: face, soft palate, palatine tonsils, submandibular gland.

71
Q

Occipital Artery

A

Supplies: sternocleidomastoid, deep muscles of the back and posterior scalp.

72
Q

Posterior Auricular Artery

A

Supplies: parotid gland, external ear and scalp, middle and inner ear.

73
Q

Superficial Temporal Artery

A

Supplies: parotid gland, masseter, lateral face, temporalis, external ear.

74
Q

Maxillary Artery

A

Supplies: EAM, tympanic membrane, TMJ, mylohyoid, teeth, maxillary sinus, roof of pharynx, nasal cavity.

75
Q

Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor

A

Innervates: Vagus nerve [X]; Function: constriction of the pharynx.

76
Q

Middle Pharyngeal Constrictor

A

Innervates: Vagus nerve [X]; Function: constriction of the pharynx.

77
Q

Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor

A

Innervates: Vagus nerve [X]; Function: constriction of the pharynx.

78
Q

Stylopharyngeus

A

Innervates: Glossopharyngeal nerve [IX]; Function: elevation of the pharynx.

79
Q

Salpingopharyngeus

A

Innervates: Vagus nerve [X]; Function: elevation of the pharynx.

80
Q

Palatopharyngeus

A

Innervates: Vagus nerve [X]; Function: elevation of the pharynx.

81
Q

Cricothyroid

A

Innervates: Vagus nerve [X]; Function: forward and downward rotation of the thyroid cartilage.

82
Q

Lateral Cricoarytenoid

A

Innervates: Vagus nerve [X]; Function: adducts the vocal folds, closes the glottis.

83
Q

Posterior Cricoarytenoid

A

Innervates: Vagus nerve [X]; Function: abducts the vocal folds, opens the glottis.

84
Q

Sclera

A

Opaque layer of dense connective tissue; provides attachment for various muscles.

85
Q

Cornea

A

Transparent layer which allows light to enter the eyeball.

86
Q

Iris

A

Circular, pigmented, structure with a cenrtal opening (pupil); contains smooth muscle which controls the size of the pupil.

87
Q

Optic Disc

A

Location where the optic nerve leaves the retina; there are no light-receptors here, making it a blind spot.

88
Q

Rods

A

Light-sensitive receptor cells that function in dim light and are insensitive to color.

89
Q

Cones

A

Light-sensitive receptor cells that respond to bright light and are sensitive to color.

90
Q

Transmission of sound:

A

Sound waves strikes the tympanic membrane, moving it medially; head of the malleus moves laterally; head of the incus moves laterally; stapes and oval window move medially; a wave is generated in the perilymph of the scala vestibuli; bulging of the secondary tympanic membrane vibrates the basilar membrane, stimulating receptor cells.

91
Q

Thyrohyoid Membrane

A

Ligament that spans between the the thyroid cartilage and the hyoid bone; contains an aperture on either side for the superior laryngeal artery and the internal superior laryngeal nerve.

92
Q

Functions of the larynx

A

Respiration; phonation; effort closure; swallowing.

93
Q

Innervation of the larynx

A

Sensory AND motor innervation via two branches of the vagus nerve [X] – superior laryngeal, and recurrent laryngeal. The superior laryngeal nerve has an external and internal (mostly sensory) branch.

94
Q

Pharyngeal Tonsil

A

A large collection of lymphoid tissue in the mucosa of the roof of the pharynx; Also known as the adenoids; commonly removed.

95
Q

Palatine Tonsil

A

Collections of lymphoid tissue on either side of the oropharynx; visible upon tongue depression.

96
Q

Lingual Tonsil

A

Numerous lymphoid nodules on tge posterior 1/3 of the tongue.

97
Q

Torus Tubarius

A

A cartilaginous portion of the pharyngotympanic tube; lined posteriorly by the salpingopharngeal fold.

98
Q

Cricoid Cartilage

A

The most inferior laryngeal cartilage; completely encircles the airway; the esophagus and posterior cricoarytenoid muscles attach here.

99
Q

Pharyngeal Plexus

A

A network of nerves located on the middle pharyngeal constrictor; it contains sensory innervation from the glossopharyngeal nerve, and motor innervation from the vagus nerve.

100
Q

Superior and Recurrent Laryngeal Nerves

A

Branches of the vagus nerve which innervate the larynx. (1) The superior laryngeal nerve has an internal (sensory) branch which innervates the upper interior, and an external branch which provides motor innervation to the cricothyroid. The recurrent laryngeal nerve provides motor innervation to the larynx muscles, and sensory innervation to the inferior larynx.

101
Q

Vocalis

A

Innervation: Vagus nerve [X] – recurrent laryngeal; Function: adjusts tension in the vocal folds.

Head and Neck Anatomy (2 decks)

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