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[OS 201] FINALS > Exam 1 Concepts > Flashcards

Exam 1 Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

delta notation of lipids starts from what end

A

carbonyl

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2
Q

omega notation of lipids starts from what end

A

methyl

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3
Q

omega notation of lipids starts from the same end as what other notation

A

N

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4
Q

eicosanoids - function

A

local hormones

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5
Q

examples of eicosanoids

A

prostaglandins, prostacyclins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, lipoxins

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6
Q

phospholipid that functions as a bioeffector

A

phosphatidyl inositol

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7
Q

phospholipid that functions as a lung surfactant

A

dipalmitoyl lecithin

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8
Q

phospholipid that solubilizes cholesterol

A

phosphatidyl choline

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9
Q

names of 12C 14C 16C 18C 20C saturated FA

A 
12C lauric
14C myristic
16C palmitic
18C stearic
20C arachidic
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10
Q

components of glycrophospholipids

A

phosphatidic acid

glycerol

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11
Q

important component of spingolipids

A

ceramide

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12
Q

structure of glycolipid

A

monosaccharide/oligosaccharide bound to ceramide

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13
Q

examples of glycolipids

A

cerebrosides, sulfatides, globosides, gangliosides

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14
Q

important component of ganglioside

A

N acetylneuramic acid

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15
Q

Tay-Sachs disease - pathophysiology

A

accumulation of gangliosides (GM2) causing mental retardation and loss of senses

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16
Q

phase transition temperature - define

A

temperature at which the plasma membrane undergoes the transition from ordered to disordered

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17
Q

effect of cholesterol on membrane above PTT

A

cholesterol keeps the membrane more solid (rigidity)

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18
Q

effect of cholesterol on membrane below PTT

A

cholesterol disrupts the arrangement of the hydrocarbons, allowing for more fluidity

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19
Q

agonist - define

A

substance that attaches to receptor and allows for mimicking of cell response

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20
Q

antagonist - define

A

substance that attaches to receptor and allows for inhibition of cell response

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21
Q

lipid soluble messengers - mechanism

A

direct diffusion through the plasma membrane –> attaches to nuclear membranes and DNA response elements

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22
Q

ion channel linked receptors - example

A

Ach in skeletal muscles

23
Q

ion channel linked receptors - for what type of signalling

A

rapid signalling

24
Q

substances that use adenylate cyclase as a second messenger

A 
TSH
ACTH
LH
glucagon
PTH
epinephrine
25
Q

substances that use phospholipase C as a second messenger

A

vasopressin

Ach in smooth muscle

26
Q

action of IP3

A

acts on Ca channels in ER

27
Q

action of DAG

A

acts on protein kinase C

28
Q

protein kinase C is dependent on:

29
Q

substances that use tyrosinase kinase

A 
insulin
IGF
EGF
PDGF
FGF
VEGF
NGF
30
Q

substances that use guanylyl cyclase

A

atrial natriuretic peptideq

31
Q

substances that use JAK STAT

A 
interferon
IL3
Growth hormone
prolactin
erythropoietin
32
Q

ways to inactivate receptors

A
  1. decrease in first messenger concentration
  2. alteration of receptor
  3. endocytosis of receptor-ligand complex
33
Q

most stable conformation of glucose

34
Q

anomers - which direction is beta

35
Q

anomers - which direction is alpha

36
Q

bonds in amylose

37
Q

bonds in amylopectin

A

alpha 1-4

alpha 1-6

38
Q

bonds in cellulose

39
Q

bonds in glycogen

A

alpha 1-4

alpha 1-6

40
Q

difference of amylopectin and glycogen

A

glycogen is more extensively branched

41
Q

why is glucose stored in glycogen form

A

compact, maintains osmotic pressure

42
Q

reducing power lies with which carbon

A

anomeric carbon

43
Q

enantiomers - define

A

mirror image

44
Q

diastereomers - define

A

differ around 1 or more carbons

45
Q

anomers - define

A

differ around anomeric carbon (alpha and beta)

46
Q

epimers - define

A

differ around other carbons (1 or more)

47
Q

proteoglycans - composition

A

glycosaminoglycans + protein

48
Q

link between polysaccharide and protein in proteoglycans

A

Gal Gal Xyl

49
Q

hyaluronic acid

A

shock absorber, water absorption

50
Q

dermatan sulfate

A

in the skin

51
Q

keratan sulfate

A

bones, cartilage

52
Q

chondroitin sulfate

A

most abundant

53
Q

what biomolecule type holds the highest capacity for carrying information

54
Q

diabetes mellitus I and II - differentiate

A

I is acute and needs to be under constant medication

II is chronic, associated with obesity, and can be mitigated by proper diet

[OS 201] FINALS (2 decks)

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