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[OS 201] FINALS > Exam 1 Concepts > Flashcards

Exam 1 Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

delta notation of lipids starts from what end

A

carbonyl

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2
Q

omega notation of lipids starts from what end

A

methyl

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3
Q

omega notation of lipids starts from the same end as what other notation

A

N

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4
Q

eicosanoids - function

A

local hormones

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5
Q

examples of eicosanoids

A

prostaglandins, prostacyclins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, lipoxins

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6
Q

phospholipid that functions as a bioeffector

A

phosphatidyl inositol

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7
Q

phospholipid that functions as a lung surfactant

A

dipalmitoyl lecithin

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8
Q

phospholipid that solubilizes cholesterol

A

phosphatidyl choline

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9
Q

names of 12C 14C 16C 18C 20C saturated FA

A 
12C lauric
14C myristic
16C palmitic
18C stearic
20C arachidic
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10
Q

components of glycrophospholipids

A

phosphatidic acid

glycerol

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11
Q

important component of spingolipids

A

ceramide

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12
Q

structure of glycolipid

A

monosaccharide/oligosaccharide bound to ceramide

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13
Q

examples of glycolipids

A

cerebrosides, sulfatides, globosides, gangliosides

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14
Q

important component of ganglioside

A

N acetylneuramic acid

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15
Q

Tay-Sachs disease - pathophysiology

A

accumulation of gangliosides (GM2) causing mental retardation and loss of senses

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16
Q

phase transition temperature - define

A

temperature at which the plasma membrane undergoes the transition from ordered to disordered

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17
Q

effect of cholesterol on membrane above PTT

A

cholesterol keeps the membrane more solid (rigidity)

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18
Q

effect of cholesterol on membrane below PTT

A

cholesterol disrupts the arrangement of the hydrocarbons, allowing for more fluidity

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19
Q

agonist - define

A

substance that attaches to receptor and allows for mimicking of cell response

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20
Q

antagonist - define

A

substance that attaches to receptor and allows for inhibition of cell response

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21
Q

lipid soluble messengers - mechanism

A

direct diffusion through the plasma membrane –> attaches to nuclear membranes and DNA response elements

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22
Q

ion channel linked receptors - example

A

Ach in skeletal muscles

23
Q

ion channel linked receptors - for what type of signalling

A

rapid signalling

24
Q

substances that use adenylate cyclase as a second messenger

A 
TSH
ACTH
LH
glucagon
PTH
epinephrine
25
substances that use phospholipase C as a second messenger
vasopressin | Ach in smooth muscle
26
action of IP3
acts on Ca channels in ER
27
action of DAG
acts on protein kinase C
28
protein kinase C is dependent on:
Ca
29
substances that use tyrosinase kinase
``` insulin IGF EGF PDGF FGF VEGF NGF ```
30
substances that use guanylyl cyclase
atrial natriuretic peptideq
31
substances that use JAK STAT
``` interferon IL3 Growth hormone prolactin erythropoietin ```
32
ways to inactivate receptors
1. decrease in first messenger concentration 2. alteration of receptor 3. endocytosis of receptor-ligand complex
33
most stable conformation of glucose
chair
34
anomers - which direction is beta
up
35
anomers - which direction is alpha
down
36
bonds in amylose
alpha 1-4
37
bonds in amylopectin
alpha 1-4 | alpha 1-6
38
bonds in cellulose
beta 1-4
39
bonds in glycogen
alpha 1-4 | alpha 1-6
40
difference of amylopectin and glycogen
glycogen is more extensively branched
41
why is glucose stored in glycogen form
compact, maintains osmotic pressure
42
reducing power lies with which carbon
anomeric carbon
43
enantiomers - define
mirror image
44
diastereomers - define
differ around 1 or more carbons
45
anomers - define
differ around anomeric carbon (alpha and beta)
46
epimers - define
differ around other carbons (1 or more)
47
proteoglycans - composition
glycosaminoglycans + protein
48
link between polysaccharide and protein in proteoglycans
Gal Gal Xyl
49
hyaluronic acid
shock absorber, water absorption
50
dermatan sulfate
in the skin
51
keratan sulfate
bones, cartilage
52
chondroitin sulfate
most abundant
53
what biomolecule type holds the highest capacity for carrying information
CHO
54
diabetes mellitus I and II - differentiate
I is acute and needs to be under constant medication | II is chronic, associated with obesity, and can be mitigated by proper diet

[OS 201] FINALS (2 decks)

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