Exam #1, chapters 1 - 6 Flashcards
an individual who achieves goals through other people
manager
a consciously coordinated social unit, composed of two or more people, that functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals
Organization
motivating employees, directing others, selecting the most effective communication channels, and resolving conflicts
Leading
(Management roles)
Interpersonal roles:
- figure head
- leader
- liaison
(Management roles)
Informational:
- monitor
- disseminator
- spokesperson
(Management roles)
Decisional:
- Entrepreneur
- disturbance handler
- resource allocator
- negotiator
(Management roles)
the ability to apply specialized knowledge or expertise
technical skills
(Management roles)
the ability to work with, understand and motivate other people, both individually and in groups
human skills
(Management roles)
the ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations
conceptual skills
Traditional manager:
-decision making, planning and controlling
Actions of leaders reflect how _____________________
employees act with each other
a field of study that investigates the impact individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organizations effectiveness.
Organizational Behavior
looking at relationships, attempting to contribute cause ad effects, and drawing conclusions based on scientific evidence.
Systematic study
the basing of managerial decisions on the best available scientific evidence
evidence based management
Intuition:
a gut feeling not necessarily supported by research
the science that seeks to measure, explain and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals
Psychology
an area of psychology that blends concepts from psychology and sociology and that focuses on the influence of people on one another
Social Psychology
The study of people in relation to their social environment or culture
Sociology
the study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities
Anthropology
Situational factors are variables that moderate the relationships between the independent and dependent variables
Contingency variables
When working with people from other cultures remember that ______________________
what motivates you might not motivate them
Management practices need to be modified to reflect the __________
values of the different countries in which organizations operate
Creating a positive work environment:
employees perceive work environment as a positive or negative in terms of their work experiences with other employees, rather than the quality of their physical surroundings.
an area of OB research that concerns how organizations develop human strength, foster vitality and excellence and unlock potential.
Positive organizational scholarship
Evaluations employees make about objects, people or events
attitudes
an unpleasant psychological process that occurs in response to environmental pressures
Stress
The combination of effectiveness and efficiency at doing your core job tasks
Task performance
Discretionary behavior that contributes to the psychological and social environments of the workplace
Citizenship behavior
The set of actions employees take to separate themselves from the organization (turnover, absenteeism)
Withdrawal behavior
Turnover can sometimes be _______, it can create and opportunity to replace under-preforming employees with someone with higher skills and motivation.
positive
The extent to which members of a group support and validate one another while at work
group cohesion
The quality and quantity of a work groups output
group functioning
the combination of effectiveness and efficiency of an organization
productivity
the degree to which an organization can achieve its ends at a low cost
efficiency
the degree to which an organization is able to exist and grow over the long term
organizational survival
Differences in easily perceived characteristics, such as gender, race, ethnicity, age, or disability, that does not necessarily reflect the ways people think or feel but that may activate certain stereotypes
Surface level diversity
Differences in values, personality and work preferences that become progressively more important for determining similarity as people get to know one another better
Deep level diversity
noting of a difference between things; often referred to as unfair discrimination, which means making judgments about individuals based on stereotypes regarding their demographic groups
discrimination
Actions taken by representatives of the organization that deny equal opportunity to preform or unequal rewards for performance
discriminatory policies
unwanted sexual advances and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature that creates a hostile or offensive work environment
sexual harassment
overt threats or bullying directed at members of specific groups of employees
intimidation
exclusion of certain people from job opportunities, social events, discussions or informal mentoring, can occur unintentionally.
exclusion
disrespectful treatment, including in an aggressive manner, interrupting a person or ignoring his/her opinion
incivility
a person who has any particular mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities
disabled/disability
the capacity to do mental activities, thinking, reasoning and problem solving
intellectual abilites
the ability to do speedy and accurate arithmetic
number aptitude
an overall factor of intelligence, as suggested by the positive correlations among specify intellectual ability dimensions
general mental ability
the process and programs by which managers make everyone more aware and sensitive to the needs and differences of others
diversity management
the opinion or belief segment of an attitude
cognitive component
the emotion or feeling segment of an attitude
affective component
an incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes
cognitive dissonance
