Exam #1(Chapter 2)

Question 1

Instruction set(Section 2.1)

Answer 1

The vocabulary of commands understood by a given architecture.

Question 2

Stored-program concept

Answer 2

The idea that instructions and data of many types can be stored in memory as numbers, leading to the stored-program computer.

Question 3

Word(Section 2.3)

Answer 3

The natural unit of access in a computer, usually a group of 32 bits; corresponds to the size of a register in the MIPS architecture.

Question 4

Data transfer instruction

Answer 4

A command that moves data between memory and registers.

Question 5

Address

Answer 5

A value used to delineate the location of a specific data element within a memory array

Question 6

Alignment restriction

Answer 6

A requirement that data be aligned in memory on natural boundaries.

Question 7

Binary digit(Section 2.4)

Answer 7

Also called a bit. One of the two numbers in base 2 (0 or 1) that are the components of information.

Question 8

Least significant bit

Answer 8

The rightmost bit in a MIPS word.

Question 9

Most significant bit:

Answer 9

The leftmost bit in a MIPS word.

Question 10

Two’s complement

Answer 10

A signed number representation where a leading 0 indicates a positive number and a leading 1 indicates a negative number. The complement of a value is obtained by complementing each bit (0 → 1 or 1 → 0), and then adding one to the result (explained further below).

Question 11

One’s complement:

Answer 11

A notation that represents the most negative value by 10 … 000two and the most positive value by 01 … 11two, leaving an equal number of negatives and positives but ending up with two zeros, one positive (00 … 00two) and one negative (11 … 11two). The term is also used to mean the inversion of every bit in a pattern: 0 to 1 and 1 to 0.

Question 12

Biased notation

Answer 12

A notation that represents the most negative value by 00 … 000two and the most positive value by 11 … 11two, with 0 typically having the value 10 … 00two, thereby biasing the number such that the number plus the bias has a non-negative representation.

Question 13

Instruction format(Section 2.5)

Answer 13

A form of representation of an instruction composed of fields of binary numbers.

Question 14

Machine language

Answer 14

Binary representation used for communication within a computer system.

Question 15

Hexadecimal

Answer 15

Numbers in base 16.

Question 16

Opcode

Answer 16

The field that denotes the operation and format of an instruction