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Foundations Exam 1 Spring 2020 > Exam 1- Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1- Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Who are the women of nursing in history?

A

Florence Nightingale
Dorothea Dix
Clara Barton
Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster

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2
Q

Early hospitals were founded by what?

A

Religious Groups

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3
Q

What is the Goldmark report?

A

Advocating financial support of university-based schools of nursing

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4
Q

What is The Institute of Medicine

A

A report: leading change and advancing health

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5
Q

Ancient History of Nursing

A

Need for nurses.
Boundary between nursing and medicine often blurred.
Christianity improved nursing by attracting intelligent people and establishing military nursing orders.

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6
Q

Who was Florence Nightingale and why is she important?

A
  • “Mother of Nursing”
  • Founder of modern nursing
  • Improved health laws (hand washing)
  • Reformed hospitals/organized military medical services
  • Established nursing as a profession
  • Published Notes on Nursing (1859)
  • Started Nightingale Training School for Nurses
  • Sick nursing versus healthy nursing
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7
Q

Who founded Nurse Corps of the US Army, expanding nursing roles? (Civil War)

A

Dorothea Dix

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8
Q

Who founded the American Red Cross? (Civil War)

A

Clara Barton

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9
Q

What significant things happened in nursing during the Spanish war?

A
  • Volunteer Nurse Corps established and becomes the Army Nurse Corps
  • Navy Nurse Corps established
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10
Q

What significant thing happened in nursing during WWII?

A

Black nurses first admitted into military service.

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11
Q

What professional Nursing Organizations and Journals emerged in the Early 20th Century?

A
  • American Nurses Association (ANA)
  • National League for Nursing (NLN)
  • American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN)
  • American Journal of Nursing
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12
Q

What changes are associated with nursing in the 21-st Century?

A
  • Nurses need to be able to render care in a wide range of settings.
  • Adapt to needs of diverse patients.
  • Be knowledgable of emerging technologies.
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13
Q

What is socialization?

A

A process involving learning both theory and skills and also internalizing an identity appropriate to a specific role.

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14
Q

What is the Criteria of a Profession?

A

Having a specific body of knowledge and a set of values and skills that differentiate members of a profession from others.

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15
Q

What is Skill Proficiency in Nursing?

A

Patricia Benner (1984) identified five levels of proficiency in acquiring and developing nursing skills: Novice, Advanced Beginner, Competent, Proficient and Expert.

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16
Q

What is Continuing education within nursing?

A

Some states require acquisition of continuing education for ongoing licensure.

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17
Q

What is a Certification?

A

A voluntary process that provides professional recognition of the knowledge, skills, and abilities within a practice area.

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18
Q

What are Standards of Practice? (Standards of Care)

A

The minimum acceptable guidelines for providing and evaluating nursing care. The ANA designates professional nursing responsibilities such as assessment, diagnosis, outcome identification, planning, implementation, and evaluation.

19
Q

What is Scope of Practice?

A

The legislation describing what nurses are legally authorized to do. The Nurse Practice Act of each state defines the scope of practice of nursing within the state.

20
Q

What are the ANA Standards of Practice or Care? (Nursing Process)

A
  • Assessment
  • Diagnosis
  • Outcome identification
  • Planning
  • Implementation
  • Evaluation
21
Q

What does each states Nurse Practice Act define?

A

The practice of nursing within its jurisdiction.

22
Q

What does the American Nurses Association (ANA) do?

A

Sets the standards of practice for nurses and makes decisions about the functions, activities, and goals of the nursing profession.

23
Q

What does Sigma Theta Tau International (STTI), Honor Society of Nursing do?

A

Provides leadership and scholarship in practice, education, and research to enhance the health of all people.

24
Q

What is the National Student Nurses’ Association (NSNA)?

A

An autonomous organization that is financed and administered by students that serve as the voice of nursing students.

25
Q

What are nursing responsibilities?

A

-Caregiver
-Patient Advocate
-Educator
-Decision Maker
-Manager and coordinator
-Communicator
(Goal is to do no harm)

26
Q

The Quality and Safety Education for nurses (QSEN) initiative identified what key quality and safety competencies for nurses?

A
  • Patient-centered care
  • Teamwork and Collaboration
  • Evidence-Based Practice
  • Quality Improvement
  • Safety
  • Informatics
27
Q

What are the four central concepts in nursing practice that are defined and described in nursing theories?

A
  • Person
  • Environment
  • Health
  • Nursing
28
Q

What are the non-nursing theories used or adapted by nursing?

A
  • General Systems Theory (Von Bertalanffy)
  • Human Needs Theory (Maslow)
  • Change Theory (Lewin)
29
Q

What is the General Systems Theory?

A

Major assumptions of this theory include:
-All systems must be goal directed.
-A system is more than sum of its parts.
-A system is ever changing and any change in one part affects the whole.
-Boundaries are implicit, and human systems are open and dynamic.
(Roy, Neuman, Johnson, Parse)

30
Q

What is Maslows Hierarchy of Human Needs Theory?

A

(Most important needs to be met to least important)

  • Physiologic needs
  • Safety needs
  • Love needs
  • Esteem needs
  • Self-actualization needs
31
Q

What are Physiologic needs?

A

The need for oxygen, food, water, elimination, activity, red, temperature maintenance, and sexuality.

32
Q

What are Safety needs?

A

The need to be physically safe and free from fear and anxiety resulting from lack of security and protection.

33
Q

What are Love needs?

A

The feeling of belonging and being loved to avoid loneliness and isolation.

34
Q

What are Esteem needs?

A

Composed of esteem derived from others (respect) and self-esteem.

35
Q

What are Self-actualization needs?

A

The need to maximize one’s potential.

36
Q

What is Lewin’s Change Theory?

A

Offers insight into expected behaviors when significant change occurs within an environment. There are three recognized states:

  • Unfreezing
  • Movement
  • Refreezing
37
Q

What is unfreezing in Lewin’s Change Theory?

A

Recognition of the need for change and the dissolution of previously held patterns of behavior.

38
Q

What is movement in Lewin’s Change Theory?

A

Shift of behavior toward a new and more healthful pattern.

39
Q

What is refreezing in Lewin’s Change Theory?

A

Long-term solidification of the new pattern of behavior.

40
Q

What are functional health patterns?

A
  • Health perception and health management
  • activity and exercise
  • nutrition and metabolism
  • elimination
  • sleep and rest
  • cognition and perception
41
Q

What are additional patterns of functional health problems?

A

self-perception and self-concept, roles and relationships,

coping and stress tolerance, sexuality and reproduction, values and beliefs

42
Q

What are issues and trends in current nursing?

A

(influence of healthcare setting)

  • Rising costs
  • Complexity of healthcare settings and services
  • Expanding community health services
  • Increasing use of ambulatory care services
43
Q

What are some technological advances in nursing?

A
  • Less invasive diagnostic tools and procedures.
  • Computerized monitoring systems and critical care interventions
  • Expense of new life-saving technology leads to question of resource allocation.
44
Q

What are some issues surrounding access to health care and financial resources?

A
  • patients ability to receive care (race, income, geographic location)
  • dollar amounts assigned to services and relate to patient outcomes
  • rising costs debate quality versus quantity of life

Foundations Exam 1 Spring 2020 (7 decks)

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