Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HDFS 102 > Exam 1 (chapter 1, 2, > Flashcards

Exam 1 (chapter 1, 2, Flashcards

1
Q

A set of ideas and principles based on empirical findings that explains related natural phenomena

A

Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Priya says that children will grow up to be just like their parents and that nothing that happens to them will change this. Festus says that events and cultural factors are what makes individuals develop over time. Which of the basic questions that define the nature of development are they discussing?

A

Causality.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Psychoanalytic theory was first developed by?

A

???

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A Childs experience at home may be influenced by the parents experiences at work. This is an example within the _____.

A

Ecosystem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Studies of human development have shown that development occurs…

A

…across an entire lifespan.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name the correct order of Freud psychosexual developmental stages.

A

Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency period, Genital.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Piaget was most concerned with what part of the Childs development?

A

Cognitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sigmund Freud based most of his theoretical work on intensive studies of very limited number of people. The method he used was called…?

A

Case study.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is operant conditioning theory?

A

People are likely to repeat a behavior that has positive consequences and not repeat a behavior with negative consequences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Operant conditioning theory tells us that a behavior that is not reinforced will be what?

A

Extinguished.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What theory best describes what happens when a child learns by imitating the actions of another person?

A

Social learning theory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

According to Erik Erikson, psychosocial development generally takes place…

A

…across an entire lifespan.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Learning Theory stresses the role of _____ influences on behavior.

A

external

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Classical conditioning and Operant conditioning are similar in that both stress…

A

…the idea that all behavior is a consequence of interaction with the environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ben Goldacres talk about Battling Bad Science, he highlights “the absolute weakest form of evidence known to man”. What is he referring to?

A

Authority.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are correlational studies?

A

The examination of 2 or more variables to see if they’re linked in any way.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are experiments?

A

Manipulations of one variable to see if it affects another variable; all factors are held constant.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Longitudinal studies

A

Research follows the same person and assesses them at regular intervals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cross sectional studies

A

Researchers study individuals of different ages at the same time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Accelerated Longitudinal Studies

A

Researchers follow different age group over time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Observational research

A

Conducting naturalistic, participant, or structured observation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Self report

A

Asking people about themselves with questions and interviews.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the 6 research ethics

A
  1. no harm
  2. consent
  3. confidentiality
  4. debriefing
  5. consider implications
  6. monitor misconduct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Developmental science has practical implications for…

A
  1. parents
  2. teachers
  3. health care practitioners
  4. program developers
  5. policy makers
  6. business and industry leaders
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the 4 reasons to study human nutrition?

A
  1. understand how humans learn and grow
  2. understand yourself and the world around you
  3. create awareness of people different than yourself
  4. creating better leaders and professionals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the 4 goals of development

A
  1. describe people at different ages
  2. understand how and why people change at different ages
  3. predict later development
  4. intervene or use knowledge to enhance lives.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Define development

A

growth and change over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what are characteristics of development?

A

adaptive, inductive, enduring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are 4 basic questions regarding the nature of development?

A
  1. what aspects of development are universal and which vary?
  2. what aspects of development are continuous and which are not?
    3 what aspects are hard to change and which are easy?
  3. what causes development?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the guiding principles of development?

A
  1. there is interplay between ones biology and environment
  2. multilayered
  3. its a dynamic, reciprocal, process
  4. cumulative
  5. lifelong
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are 3 main domains of human development?

A
  1. physical
  2. cognitive
  3. socioemotional
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the stages of Piagets theory of cognitive development

A
  1. sensorimotor
  2. preoperational
  3. concrete operational
  4. former operational
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Microsystem

A

Activities, roles, relations in a defined setting where the individual interacts directly with others (family, peers, etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Mesosystem

A
  • Interconnections among 2 Microsystems (family members and teachers).
  • Expands as one enters a new setting over time.
  • Impacts the person indirectly through her interactions within the microsystem.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Exosystem

A

Distant systems that influence the person indirectly through their impact on mess/micro systems (ex. education, policies, program components).

36
Q

Macrosystem

A

Includes norms and values of cultures and subcultures (belief systems, ideologies, societal structure, gender role socialization, national and international resources).

37
Q

Chronosystem

A

changes in systems over time via a process of mutual accommodation.

38
Q

What are contemporary/modern theories of development

A
  1. dynamic systems perspective
  2. sociocultural perspective
  3. behavioral genetics
  4. evolutionary perspective
39
Q

human genome

A

the complete set of gene for a human

40
Q

preformationism

A

A theory that hypothesized that all the characteristics of an adult were either in the sperm or the ovum.

41
Q

nativism

A

The idea that human characteristics are natural; not learned

42
Q

genetic determinism

A

the idea that human qualities are genetically determined and can not be changed by nurture or education.

43
Q

eugenics

A

A philosophy that advocates people to “breed” their offspring by encouraging people who are considered “desirable” to have children and discourage people are “undesirable” to have children. (hitler; exterminating jews)

44
Q

tabula rasa

A

the belief that nothing about development is predetermined; the child os completely a product of his or her environment/experience.

45
Q

heritability

A

the extend to which a phenotypic trait is genetically determined

46
Q

adoption studies

A

A method of heritability to see if children are more like their biological parents or their adoptive parents.

47
Q

family relatedness studies

A

a method for estimating heritability by comparing the similarity of children who vary in their genetic relatedness (siblings, half-siblings, and step siblings)

48
Q

shared environment

A

the environment that siblings have in common

49
Q

non shared environment

A

the environment that siblings don’t have in common.

50
Q

theory of evolution

A

organisms evolve and change through the process of natural selection.

51
Q

epigenesis

A

the slow process where organisms develop over time in a complex fashion as a sequence of the interaction between genes and the environment

52
Q

stem cells

A

“pre cells” found in large number in the embryo

53
Q

canalization

A

an element of development of dictated by the common genetic program that all humans inherit

54
Q

mitosis

A

the process in which all cells (not sex cells) are reproduced, where a cell divides and each resulting cell receives a full copy of all 46 chromosomes.

55
Q

Meiosis

A

the process where gametes (sperm and ova) are produced; each resulting gametes has half of the genetic material of the parent cell.

56
Q

additive heredity

A

the process of genetic transmission that results in a phenotype that is a mixture of the mothers and the fathers traits.

57
Q

regulator genes

A

genes whose function is to turn other genes on or off at different points in the lifecycle or in response to the events in the environment

58
Q

familism

A

placing a high value on the interests of the family rather than the individual

59
Q

gene expression

A

the process through which genes influence the production of specific proteins, which influence the phenotype.

60
Q

cross-fostering

A

removing an offspring from its biological parents and having it raised by there adults.

61
Q

gene environment interaction

A

the process through which genotypes produce different phenotypes in different contexts.

62
Q

reaction range

A

the scale of phenotypic possibilities that a genotype has the potential to make as a result of the context in which the organism develops

63
Q

passive gene environment correlations

A

similarity between the results of genetic and environmental influences due to the fact that the same parents provide both genes and environments for their children.

64
Q

evocative gene environment correlations

A

similarity between the results of genetic and environmental influences due to the fact that genotypically different individuals evoke different responses from their environments.

65
Q

active gene environment correlations

A

similarity between the results of genetic and environmental influences due to the fact that children selects contexts that they find rewarding, and tend to maintain/strengthen their genetically influenced traits.

66
Q

nitpicking

A

when people chose their environments in which they spend their time.

67
Q

in the video by dr. Maxin McDowel regrading nature vs nurture he discusses both sides of the nature vs nurture argument. which of the following statements is correct regarding the nature argument

A

according the the nature argument, our qualities are stored and quantified in our genes and thats what makes us human beings.

68
Q

According to John B. Watson, children develop intelligence as a result of the

A

reinforcement of appropriate behaviors

69
Q

studies that seek to find out the relative influences of genetics and the environment on development are called

A

heritability studies

70
Q

the 2oth century mental hygiene movement, in which people began to treat insanity as an illness, grew out of the philosophy of who?

A

John locke

71
Q

a Childs microsystem generally includes

A

her family, school, and playmates

72
Q

the idea that children are born innocent and may either be nurtured into kindness or corrupted by the environment was suggested by

A

Jean Jacques Rousseau

73
Q

when max’s father loses his job, a lot of stress is put on the families finances. this change in max’s life was driven by events in what system?

A

exosystem

74
Q

adoption studies have shown that

A

adopted children mostly resemble their biological parents’ levels levels of intelligence, but the environment also makes a difference

75
Q

Ron lives in a rural, developing country. Kyle lives in a highly technological country. Bronfenbrenner would say that their living situations reflect differences in their…

A

macrosystems

76
Q

familism

A

cultural emphasis on the importance of family

77
Q

another name for your observable appearance and characteristics is your what?

A

phenotype

78
Q

John Watson’s idea of behaviorism most resembled the philosophical stance of

A

John Locke

79
Q

the biological traits you inherit from your parents constitute your what?

A

genotype

80
Q

In the video, Dr. Maxon McDowell discusses that within the literature on nature vs. nurture there has been a singularity prevalent theory related to brain development. which statement refers to the theory Dr. Maxon was discussing?

A

our interactions with people guide gene development

81
Q

Bronfenfrenner visualized the ecological perspective as…?

A

a set of nested systems

82
Q

children begin social referencing when they are how many months old?

A

8-9

83
Q

In which of John Bowlbys phases of infant-parent attachment will an infant prefer to interact with certain people more than others?

A

NOT discriminating sociability

84
Q

sensitive, attentive, yet nonrestrictive parenting tends to result in a child with which attachment style?

A

secure

85
Q

babies with easy temperaments may do better on various cognitive tests for all of the following reasons except

A

NOT easy temperaments indicate greater cognitive development

86
Q

the correct order go John Bowlby’s phases of infant-parent attachment is

A

indiscriminate social responsiveness, discriminating social responsibility, attachments, goal-corrected partnerships.

HDFS 102 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions