Exam 1 Ch.1-5 Flashcards
The qualities that make for effectiveness in communication
communication competence
communication with the self
intrapersonal communication
A general term denoting all forms of communication between people that take place through some computer
computer-mediated communication
A view of human communication characterized by mutual influence and interdependence
Transactional view of comm
commitment to the beliefs and customs of a culture
ethnic identity
the ability to control the behaviors of others
power
information that is given back to the source
feedback
the process of putting a message into a code
encoding
the tendency to evaluate the values and beliefs of our own culture more positively than those of another culture.
ethnocentrism
a message that makes reference to another message
metamessage
the value you place on yourself
self-esteem
an individual’s self-evaluation
self-concept
the processes by which you compare aspects of yourself with those of others.
self comparison
the tendency to perceive certain things and not others
selective perception
The believability of a speaker
credibility strategies
the process of revealing something about yourself to another person
self-disclosure
The tendency to attribute one’s successes to internal causes and one’s failures to external causes.
self-serving bias
An explanation for an observed behavior
attribution
Generalizations about groups of people that are applied to individual members of those groups
stereotype
The situation in which you make a prediction or prophecy
self-fulfilling prophecy
the process of distortion in which we reconstruct messages to make them conform to our own attitudes and needs.
assimilation
the process of putting together into some meaningful whole an understanding of a speaker’s total message
active listening
a restatement of another’s message in your own words
paraphrasing
a form of feedforward in which you ask listeners to hear you favorably and without bias
disclaiming
the faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information
memory
Listening in order to experience what another person is thinking or feeling
empathic listening
a view of listening holding that effective listening needs to be adjusted to the specific situation
situational listening
The active process of making meaning out of another person’s spoken message
listening
messages in which the speaker accepts responsibility for personal thoughts and behaviors
I-messages
listener responses to a speaker that do not ask for the speaking role
backchanneling cues
speech discrimination based on age
ageist speech
an orientation that fails to recognize that the world is characterized by constant change
static evaluation
speech in which the speaker’s intentions are stated clearly and directly
direct messages
a word’s literal meaning or dictionary definition
denotation
a word’s implied or secondary meaning, in addition to it’s literal meaning
connotation
behaviors that imply a lack of regard for another person
disconfirmation
a form of fallacious reasoning by which only the two extremes are considered; ex. black and white
polarization
a tendency to give primary consideration to the way things are labeled and only secondary consideration to the world of experience
intensional orientation
a communication pattern that indicates an acceptance of a person
confirmation
discrimination against people with disabilities
ableism
A gesture with a direct verbal translation
emblem
a gesture used to satisfy a personal need
adaptor
the study of how people use touch to communicate
haptics
a polite ignoring of others so as not to invade their privacy
civil inattention
the theory that a person’s facial expressions can produce physiological and emotional effects in the person
face feedback hypothesis
techniques used to mask certain emotions and to emphasize others
facial management techniques
a vocal but nonverbal aspect of speech
paralanguage
an item that is placed in a territory to reserve it for a specific person
central marker
messages conveyed through the wearing and arrangement of various artifacts
artifactual communication
an area that does not belong to a person but that has been occupied by that person
secondary territory
