Exam 1: Ch 2, 3, 4, 6

Question 1

Culture

Answer 1

The pattern of assumptions, beliefs, and practices, encompassing other products of human work and thoughts specific to members of an intergenerational group, community, or population.

Question 2

Child’s self concept

Answer 2

Evolves from ideas about his or her social roles.

Question 3

Primary groups

Answer 3

Characterized by intimate contact, mutual support; and no pressure from community.

Question 4

Secondary groups

Answer 4

Have limited, intermittent contact; little mutual support; and no pressure for conformity.

Question 5

Does culture influence a child’s self esteem?

Answer 5

Yes!

Question 6

Important subcultural influences in children include:

Answer 6

ethnicity, social class, occupation, schools, peers, biculture, and mass media.

Question 7

Minority group population

Answer 7

is increasing I the US, whereas the percentage of the Caucasian population is decreasing.

Question 8

What plays a major role in opportunities for health promotion and wellness?

Answer 8

Socioeconomic influences.

Question 9

What greatly influences health promotion beliefs in families?

Answer 9

Religious practices.

Question 10

What groups of children suffer from greater physical and mental health problems?

Answer 10

Those living in poverty, those who are homeless, or those who have migrant families.

Question 11

Drug response, food sensitivity, disease resistance, physical characteristics, and disease states may demonstrate what?

Answer 11

Ethnic or cultural variations.

Question 12

Cultural beliefs related to cause of illness and maintenance of health may focus on:

Answer 12

Natural forces, supernatural forces, or imbalance of forces.

Question 13

No cultural group is homogeneous

Answer 13

Every racial and ethnic group contains great diversity.

Question 14

The development of cultural competences is:

Answer 14

Continual and an important concept in the nursing process.

Question 15

Family

Answer 15

There is no agreement about the definition of family. A family is what an individual considers it to be.

Question 16

3 theories that have significant application to pediatric nursing are:

Answer 16

1. Family systems theory
2. family stress theory
3. Developmental theory

Question 17

Traditional family structure is

Answer 17

nuclear or extended

Question 18

Do family size and position within the family structure have a strong impact on a child’s development?

Answer 18

Yes!

Question 19

What are 2 essential areas of focus for parents?

Answer 19

Interpersonal skills and a basic understanding of childhood growth and development.

Question 20

Parental control tends to be predominantly one of three types:

Answer 20

Authoritarian
Permissive
Authoritative

Question 21

3 areas of special concern to adoptive families include:

Answer 21

1. the initial attachment process
2. the task of telling the children they are adopted
3. identity formation during adolescence

Question 22

Children and divorce:

Answer 22

Marital factors within the home significantly influence a child’s development. The impact of divorce on a child depends on the child’s age, the outcome, and the quality of the parent-child relationship and parental care following the divorce.

Question 23

Single parenting and step-parenting

Answer 23

create adjustment difficulties and add stress to the already demanding parental role. Significant numbers of children will live in a single-parent or reconstituted family at some point.

Question 24

Caring for children within a community requires

Answer 24

a multidisciplinary approach

Question 25

Healthy communities provide children with:

Answer 25

High-quality medical care and a nurturing, safe place to live and grow.

Question 26

Community health nursing focuses on:

Answer 26

Promoting and maintaining the health of individuals, families, and groups in the community setting.

Question 27

Epidemiology

Answer 27

Is the science of population health applied to the detection of morbidity and mortality in a population.

Question 28

Community health programs are based on 3 levels of intervention:

Answer 28

1. primary 2. secondary 3. tertiary

Question 29

What do economic evaluations provide?

Answer 29

Objective information to establish a program's value to society.

Question 30

What does a community needs assessment involve?

Answer 30

Collection of subjective and objective information about the community.

Question 31

Community health diagnosis

Answer 31

Is similar to a nursing diagnosis, with an identified problem and a defined cause.

Question 32

What does program planning and implementation in a community require?

Answer 32

Collaboration between the nurse and community members who are in positions to promote change.

Question 33

Evaluation of effective community programs includes:

Answer 33

Consideration of the program's structure, process, and outcomes.

Question 34

When eliciting a family health history, nurses should collect information about all family members within a minimum of:

Answer 34

3 generations

Question 35

To effectively establish a setting for communication a nurse must:

Answer 35

make an appropriate introduction and ensure privacy and confidentiality.

Question 36

When communicating with parents, nurses need to:

Answer 36

encourage parental involvement, listen carefully, use silence, and be empathetic.

Question 37

Communication with children must:

Answer 37

reflect their developmental stage.

Question 38

Nonverbal communication with children may take the form of:

Answer 38

writing, drawing, and play.

Question 39

The objectives of performing a health history are to:

Answer 39

identify pertinent information, determine the chief complaint, analyze the present illness, secure the patient's health history, review biologic systems, and record a family medical history and child psychosocial and sexual history.

Question 40

Family assessment is:

Answer 40

the collection of data about family composition and relationships among its members. It also focuses on home and community environment, parents' occupation and education, and cultural and religious traditions.

Question 41

The family function interview examines:

Answer 41

interaction and roles, power, decision making, problem solving, communication, and expression of feelings and individuality.

Question 42

Growth measurements during the physical examination focus on:

Answer 42

length or height, weight, skinfold thickness, and arm and head circumference. Assessment of growth is measured against standard growth charts to determine a child's status in comparison with other children of the same age.

Question 43

What measurements constitute the physiologic approach to assessment?

Answer 43

Temperature, pulse, respiration, and BP

Question 44

The child's general appearance is:

Answer 44

a cumulative, subjective impression of physical appearance, state of nutrition, behavior, personality, interactions with parents and nurse, posture, development, and speech.

Question 45

Head assessment

Answer 45

inspect for shape, symmetry, mobility, and muscle control.

Question 46

Ocular assessment

Answer 46

placement and alignment, inspection of external and internal structures, and vision testing.

Question 47

Ear assessment

Answer 47

placement and alignment, external and internal structures, and auditory testing.

Question 48

Lung assessment

Answer 48

examined by inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation.

Question 49

Heart

Answer 49

Auscultation is the most important procedure for examining the heart

Question 50

Abdominal assessment

Answer 50

follows an orderly sequence of inspection, auscultation, and palpation.

Question 51

Neurologic Assessment

Answer 51

Addresses behavior, motor, sensory, and cerebellar functions, reflexes, and cranial nerves.

Question 52

Race

Answer 52

genetics and biology transmitted by being passed down.

Question 53

Ethnicity

Answer 53

an affiliation of persons who share a unique cultural, social, and linguistic heritage.

Question 54

Socialization

Answer 54

process by which children acquire beliefs, values, and behaviors of a given society in order to function within that group.

Question 55

Types of socialization

Answer 55

Primary: intimate face to face contact Secondary: extended family

Question 56

Subcultural influences include

Answer 56

``` Ethnocentrism Ethnic stereotyping Minority-group Membership Social Class Schools Peers cultures Mass media **The greatest subcultural influence among subculture influences is social class.** ```

Question 57

Socioeconomic Influences

Answer 57

Poverty (visible or invisible) Homelessness Migrant families

Question 58

Cultural Relativity

Answer 58

Any behavior must be judged in relation to the context of the culture in which is occurs.

Question 59

Family (Hanson & Boyd)

Answer 59

Family is two or more individuals who depend on one another for emotional, physical, and/or economical support. The members are self-defined.

Question 60

SBAR

Answer 60

Situation Background (brief history) Assessment Recommendation

Question 61

Pediatric patient identifiers

Answer 61

1. Address 2. MRN 3. SSN (very rare)

Question 62

Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST)

Answer 62

Screen only Means of objectively measuring developmental functioning Not indicative of intelligence or IQ

Question 63

Pediatric physical exam: Top Priority

Answer 63

Pulse and respiratory rate

Question 64

Psychosexual Developmental Theory (Freud)

Answer 64

``` Oral = birth - 1yr Anal = 1yr - 3yrs Phallic = 3 yrs - 6 yrs Latency = 6 yrs - 12 yrs Genital = 12 yrs and older ```

Question 65

Psychosocial Developmental Theory (Erikson)

Answer 65

``` Trust vs mistrust ( birth to 1 year) Autonomy vs shame and doubt Initiative vs guilt industry vs inferiority identity vs role confusion ```

Question 66

Cognitive developmental theory (Piaget)

Answer 66

``` Assimilation and accommodation Sensorimotor (birth - 2 years) Preoperational (2-7 years) Concrete operational ( 7-11 years) Formal operational (11 years & up) ```

Question 67

Moral development (Kohlberg)

Answer 67

Predicts moral development but pays little attention to individual differences. Preconventional: act morally due to punishment/consequences. Conventional: logical. Own thoughts. Worry about happiness of others. Postconventional : right vs wrong. Moral. Ethical.