Exam 1 (Ch 1 - Ch 2)

Question 1

To be of value to science, hypotheses must be

Answer 1

phrased in such a way that predictions can be made and tested

Question 2

When you add acid to a solution,

Answer 2

The hydrogen ion concentration increases and lowers the pH

Question 3

In a neutral solution the concentration of

Answer 3

hydrogen ions is equal to the concentration of hydroxide ions

Question 4

To be scientifically valid, a hypothesis must be

Answer 4

testable and falsifiable

Question 5

Which of the following statements about genetics is true

Answer 5

Differences among organisms reflect different nucleotide sequences in their DNA

Question 6

Which of the following statements regarding the oxygen atom of a water molecule is true?

Answer 6

Oxygen is more electronegative than the hydrogen atoms

Question 7

How are ionic bonds formed

Answer 7

In ionic bonds, one atom gives up an electron to a second atom

Question 8

Organisms that are prokaryotes are in the domains

Answer 8

Bacteria and Archaea

Question 9

A solution with a pH of 7 is

Answer 9

neutral

Question 10

A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by ordinary chemical procedures is known as a(n)

Answer 10

atom

Question 11

A nitrogen isotope has an atomic number of 7 and an atomic mass of 15. The respective numbers of neutrons, protons, and electrons it has are

Answer 11

8, 7, 7

Question 12

Water can resist temperature change because

Answer 12

heating water absorbs energy by disrupting the hydrogen bonds before evaporation can occur

Question 13

Which of the following subatomic particles has appreciable mass and lacks a charge

Answer 13

neutron

Question 14

Drug-resistant tuberculosis is a major health issue in many countries. Treatment for these resistant forms of bacteria is longer and requires more expensive antibiotics. Scientists attribute this to natural selection. Under these circumstances, what does natural selection mean?

Answer 14

An environment was created in which the tuberculosis bacterium carrying the antibiotic-resistant genes could reproduce

Question 15

Water’s surface tension and heat storage capacity is accounted for by its

Answer 15

hydrogen bonds

Question 16

A theory is

Answer 16

an explanation of an idea that is broad in scope and supported by a large body of evidence

Question 17

Natural selection requires

Answer 17

both heritable variation and differential reproductive success

Question 18

The sodium atom contains 11 electrons, 11 protons, and 12 neutrons. What is the mass number of sodium?

Answer 18

23

Question 19

The hydrogen atoms of a water molecule are bonded to the oxygen atom by _________ bonds, whereas neighboring water molecules are held together by _________ bonds

Answer 19

polar covalent . . . . hydrogen

Question 20

Which of the following statements best describes a compound?

Answer 20

A compound contains two or more different elements in a fixed ratio

Question 21

At which level of interaction does life first appear

Answer 21

cell

Question 22

A hydrogen atom has one electron. How many covalent bonds can hydrogen form?

Answer 22

one covalent bond

Question 23

Which of the following trace elements needed by humans is commonly added to table salt

Answer 23

iodine

Question 24

In an ecosystem, energy

Answer 24

typically flows from producers through a series of consumers

Question 25

What would happen if an ecosystem lacked decomposers

Answer 25

The ecosystem would stop functioning

Question 26

Which of the following describes a covalent bond

Answer 26

Two or more atoms share electronic pairs

Question 27

All organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae

Answer 27

are photosynthetic

Question 28

Life is organized in a hierarchical fashion. Which of the following sequences correctly list that hierarchy from least inclusive to most inclusive?

Answer 28

molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem

Question 29

Neon is chemically inert and tends to not form chemical bonds with other atoms. This is because it has ________ electron(s) in its outer shell

Answer 29

8

Question 30

What process exerts the pull on water molecules that is relayed from leaf to root via cohesion

Answer 30

evaporation

Question 31

Which of these is an example of a population

Answer 31

all of the red oak trees in a forest

Question 32

As we respire, we release CO2. The CO2 comes from

Answer 32

eating food

Question 33

A small group of 25 predatory birds populates and island. By chance, three members of the population have superior sight, which gives these birds a significant advantage in capturing prey. After hundreds of generations, the population on the island has risen to 1,500 and all the birds have superior sight compared to the same species on other islands. This is an example of _________.

Answer 33

evolutionary adaptation

Question 34

Which four elements are the primary components of important biological molecules, such as proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

Answer 34

nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 35

The two domains of life that consists of prokaryotic organisms are _______ and _______.

Answer 35

Archaea . . . Bacteria

Question 36

What is the atomic mass of an atom that has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons

Answer 36

12

Question 37

Changing the number of ________ would change an atom into an a tom of a different element

Answer 37

protons in an atom

Question 38

An atom's reactivity is determined by its ______.

Answer 38

electron configuration

Question 39

A property of life known as energy processing refers to the fact that living things ______.

Answer 39

obtain energy from their environment and use it to power their own activities and chemical reactions

Question 40

A hypothesis is

Answer 40

a proposed explanation for a set of observations

Question 41

Which of the following statements is related to Darwin's theories of evolution?

Answer 41

Organisms seem to produce more offspring than the environment can support

Question 42

Which of the following statements about the domain Bacteria is true?

Answer 42

All bacteria lack a nucleus

Question 43

Water is a polar molecule. This means that ______.

Answer 43

the opposite ends of the molecule have opposite charges

Question 44

The ultimate source of energy flowing into nearly all ecosystems is

Answer 44

sunlight

Question 45

Compared to a solution of pH 3, a solution of pH 1 is

Answer 45

100 times more acidic

Question 46

Which of the following statements is true about the chemical nutrients in an ecosystem?

Answer 46

They cycle within the ecosystem and are constantly reused

Question 47

When full, the innermost electron shell of argon contains __________ electrons, and the outermost shell contains ________ electrons.

Answer 47

2 . . . 8

Question 48

Which of the following statements about evolution is true

Answer 48

evolution can result in adaptations

Question 49

Electrons move about the nucleus of an atom in the same way that

Answer 49

insects fly around a bright lamp at night

Question 50

Kingdom Fungi includes species

Answer 50

that obtain food by decomposing dead organisms and absorbing the nutrients

Question 51

Water molecules stick to other water molecules because

Answer 51

hydrogen bonds form between the hydrogen atoms of one water molecules and the oxygen atoms of other water molecules

Question 52

Which domain includes multicellular photosynthetic organisms

Answer 52

Eukarya