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Meteorology > Exam 1 (Ch 1-4) > Flashcards

Exam 1 (Ch 1-4) Flashcards

1
Q

__% of air is within 30 km.

A

90

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2
Q

All weather events occur within __ km from the surface of earth.

A

11

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3
Q

Invisible gas, 4% of the atmospheric gases in the tropics, less than 1% in the arctics

A

Water vapor

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4
Q

The transformation of liquid to water vapor

A

Evaporation

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5
Q

The transformation of water vapor into liquid

A

Condensation

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6
Q

About 0.038% of air. Comes from volcanic eruptions, exhalations of animal life, burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas), and deforestation

A

Carbon dioxide

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7
Q

Permanent gas that makes up 78% of air

A

Nitrogen

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8
Q

Permanent gas that makes up 21% of air

A

Oxygen

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9
Q

___________ is an extremely important gas in our atmosphere because it releases large amounts of heat (latent heat) when it changes from vapor into liquid water or ice.

A

Water vapor

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10
Q

When plants consume carbon dioxide to produce green matter

A

Photosynthesis

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11
Q

Irritates the eyes and the throat, damages vegetation, and is primary made up of ozone

A

Photochemical smog

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12
Q

Gas at constant concentration from place to place and time to time

A

Permanent gas

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13
Q

Gas where distribution changes over time and place

A

Variable gas

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14
Q

What are some greenhouse gases?

A

Carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, nitrous oxide, and chlorofluorocarbons

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15
Q

Tiny solid or liquid suspended particles of various components (excluding water)

A

Aerosols

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16
Q

Human-made impurities (and some natural ones) such as gas from automobiles

A

Pollutants

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17
Q

What was most likely the earth’s first primary atmospheric gases? (Also two most abundant gases found in the universe)

A

Helium and hydrogen

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18
Q

Primary ingredient of photochemical smog, but also mostly found (97%) in the upper atmosphere (stratosphere) where it is formed naturally as oxygen atoms combine with oxygen molecules.

A

Ozone

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19
Q

Outpouring of gasses from the hot interior of the Earth

A

Outgassing

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20
Q

The number of air molecules in a given space (volume). Equal to mass times volume.

A

Air density

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21
Q

Rate at which the air temperature decreases with height

A

Lapse rate

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22
Q

The amount of force exerted over an area of surface. (Hint: also known as atmospheric pressure.)

A

Air pressure

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23
Q

Air temperature increasing with height

A

Temperature inversion

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24
Q

Instrument that measures the vertical profile of air temperature on the atmosphere up to an elevation sometimes exceeding 30 km

A

Radiosonde

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25
Q

The region of circulating air extending upward from the earth’s surface to where the air stops becoming colder with height

A

Troposphere

26
Q

Region where air temperature remains constant with height. Bottom is top of troposphere and beginning of stratosphere

A

Isothermal (equal temperature) zone

27
Q

Above troposphere

A

Stratosphere

28
Q

Boundary separating troposphere from stratosphere

A

Tropopause

29
Q

“Middle sphere” above stratosphere, can cause hypoxia (oxygen starvation) due to fewer oxygen levels

A

Mesosphere

30
Q

“Hot layer” where oxygen molecules absorb energetic solar rays, warming the air

A

Thermosphere

31
Q

Electrified region where large concentrations of ions and free electrons exist

A

Ionosphere

32
Q

Atmospheric zone 90-500 km where oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen atoms absorb solar rays, and move at fast speeds

A

Thermosphere

33
Q

Boundary between mesosphere and thermosphere

A

Mesopause

34
Q

Atmospheric zone 55-85 km. Extremely thin air. No heating in this layer.

A

Mesosphere

35
Q

Boundary separating stratosphere from mesosphere

A

Stratopause

36
Q

Atmospheric zone 15-50 km where ozone absorbs UV energy from the sun

A

Stratosphere

37
Q

Boundary between troposphere and stratosphere

A

Tropopause

38
Q

Atmospheric zone (approx) 0-11 km where jet streams occur

A

Troposphere

39
Q

Atmospheric ________ at any level represents the total mass of air above that level.

A

Pressure

40
Q

Atmospheric pressure always ________ with increasing height above the surface.

A

Decreases

41
Q

The atmosphere may be divided into layers (or regions) based on its:

A
  1. Vertical profile of temperature
  2. Gaseous compositions
  3. Electrical properties
42
Q

The rate at which air temperature decreases with height

A

Lapse rate

43
Q

A measured increase in air temperature with height

A

Inversion

44
Q

We live at the bottom of the ________.

A

Troposphere

45
Q

The troposphere is an atmospheric layer where the air temperature normally ________ with height, and is a region that contains all of the ________ we are familiar with.

A

Decreases; weather

46
Q

Weather is comprised of (7 things):

A
  1. Air temperature (degrees)
  2. Air pressure (force of air)
  3. Humidity (amount of water vapor in the air)
  4. Clouds (visible mass of water droplets and or ice crystals)
  5. Precipitation (form of water reaching ground)
  6. Visibility (greatest distance one can see)
  7. Wind (horizontal movement of air)
47
Q

Thin, gaseous envelope comprised of mostly Nitrogen, Oxygen, and small amounts of other gases

A

Atmosphere

48
Q

Average weather for a particular region

A

Climate

49
Q

A storm that forms outside the tropics

A

Middle-latitude cyclonic storm

50
Q

Tropical storm system that has a swirling band of clouds and surface winds of excess

A

Hurricane

51
Q

Tall, churning clouds accompanied by lightning, thunder, strong gusty winds and heavy rain

A

Thunderstorms

52
Q

Intense rotating column of air that extends downward from the base of a thunderstorm

A

Tornado

53
Q

Horizontal movement of air

A

Wind

54
Q

Direction from which the wind is blowing

A

Wind direction

55
Q

The boundary that separates the warm and cool air, appears as a heavy, dark line on the map

A

Front

56
Q

Hypothesis that withstands examination

A

Theory

57
Q

Device that measures pressure

A

Barometer

58
Q

The more air that is above us, the greater the ________.

A

Pressure

59
Q

Energy related to motion

A

Kinetic energy

60
Q

Temperature measures the ________ of atoms and molecules, i.e. average kinetic energy.

A

Speed

61
Q

How do you change degrees from Fahrenheit to Celsius and vise versa?

A

T(celcius) * 1.8 + 32 = T(fahrenheit)

[ T(fahrenheit) - 32 ] / 1.8 = T(celsius)

Meteorology (4 decks)

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