Exam 1 (Ch 1-4)

Question 1

__% of air is within 30 km.

Answer 1

90

Question 2

All weather events occur within __ km from the surface of earth.

Answer 2

11

Question 3

Invisible gas, 4% of the atmospheric gases in the tropics, less than 1% in the arctics

Answer 3

Water vapor

Question 4

The transformation of liquid to water vapor

Answer 4

Evaporation

Question 5

The transformation of water vapor into liquid

Answer 5

Condensation

Question 6

About 0.038% of air. Comes from volcanic eruptions, exhalations of animal life, burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas), and deforestation

Answer 6

Carbon dioxide

Question 7

Permanent gas that makes up 78% of air

Answer 7

Nitrogen

Question 8

Permanent gas that makes up 21% of air

Answer 8

Oxygen

Question 9

___________ is an extremely important gas in our atmosphere because it releases large amounts of heat (latent heat) when it changes from vapor into liquid water or ice.

Answer 9

Water vapor

Question 10

When plants consume carbon dioxide to produce green matter

Answer 10

Photosynthesis

Question 11

Irritates the eyes and the throat, damages vegetation, and is primary made up of ozone

Answer 11

Photochemical smog

Question 12

Gas at constant concentration from place to place and time to time

Answer 12

Permanent gas

Question 13

Gas where distribution changes over time and place

Answer 13

Variable gas

Question 14

What are some greenhouse gases?

Answer 14

Carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, nitrous oxide, and chlorofluorocarbons

Question 15

Tiny solid or liquid suspended particles of various components (excluding water)

Answer 15

Aerosols

Question 16

Human-made impurities (and some natural ones) such as gas from automobiles

Answer 16

Pollutants

Question 17

What was most likely the earth’s first primary atmospheric gases? (Also two most abundant gases found in the universe)

Answer 17

Helium and hydrogen

Question 18

Primary ingredient of photochemical smog, but also mostly found (97%) in the upper atmosphere (stratosphere) where it is formed naturally as oxygen atoms combine with oxygen molecules.

Answer 18

Ozone

Question 19

Outpouring of gasses from the hot interior of the Earth

Answer 19

Outgassing

Question 20

The number of air molecules in a given space (volume). Equal to mass times volume.

Answer 20

Air density

Question 21

Rate at which the air temperature decreases with height

Answer 21

Lapse rate

Question 22

The amount of force exerted over an area of surface. (Hint: also known as atmospheric pressure.)

Answer 22

Air pressure

Question 23

Air temperature increasing with height

Answer 23

Temperature inversion

Question 24

Instrument that measures the vertical profile of air temperature on the atmosphere up to an elevation sometimes exceeding 30 km

Answer 24

Radiosonde

Question 25

The region of circulating air extending upward from the earth's surface to where the air stops becoming colder with height

Answer 25

Troposphere

Question 26

Region where air temperature remains constant with height. Bottom is top of troposphere and beginning of stratosphere

Answer 26

Isothermal (equal temperature) zone

Question 27

Above troposphere

Answer 27

Stratosphere

Question 28

Boundary separating troposphere from stratosphere

Answer 28

Tropopause

Question 29

"Middle sphere" above stratosphere, can cause hypoxia (oxygen starvation) due to fewer oxygen levels

Answer 29

Mesosphere

Question 30

"Hot layer" where oxygen molecules absorb energetic solar rays, warming the air

Answer 30

Thermosphere

Question 31

Electrified region where large concentrations of ions and free electrons exist

Answer 31

Ionosphere

Question 32

Atmospheric zone 90-500 km where oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen atoms absorb solar rays, and move at fast speeds

Answer 32

Thermosphere

Question 33

Boundary between mesosphere and thermosphere

Answer 33

Mesopause

Question 34

Atmospheric zone 55-85 km. Extremely thin air. No heating in this layer.

Answer 34

Mesosphere

Question 35

Boundary separating stratosphere from mesosphere

Answer 35

Stratopause

Question 36

Atmospheric zone 15-50 km where ozone absorbs UV energy from the sun

Answer 36

Stratosphere

Question 37

Boundary between troposphere and stratosphere

Answer 37

Tropopause

Question 38

Atmospheric zone (approx) 0-11 km where jet streams occur

Answer 38

Troposphere

Question 39

Atmospheric ________ at any level represents the total mass of air above that level.

Answer 39

Pressure

Question 40

Atmospheric pressure always ________ with increasing height above the surface.

Answer 40

Decreases

Question 41

The atmosphere may be divided into layers (or regions) based on its:

Answer 41

1. Vertical profile of temperature 2. Gaseous compositions 3. Electrical properties

Question 42

The rate at which air temperature decreases with height

Answer 42

Lapse rate

Question 43

A measured increase in air temperature with height

Answer 43

Inversion

Question 44

We live at the bottom of the ________.

Answer 44

Troposphere

Question 45

The troposphere is an atmospheric layer where the air temperature normally ________ with height, and is a region that contains all of the ________ we are familiar with.

Answer 45

Decreases; weather

Question 46

Weather is comprised of (7 things):

Answer 46

1. Air temperature (degrees) 2. Air pressure (force of air) 3. Humidity (amount of water vapor in the air) 4. Clouds (visible mass of water droplets and or ice crystals) 5. Precipitation (form of water reaching ground) 6. Visibility (greatest distance one can see) 7. Wind (horizontal movement of air)

Question 47

Thin, gaseous envelope comprised of mostly Nitrogen, Oxygen, and small amounts of other gases

Answer 47

Atmosphere

Question 48

Average weather for a particular region

Answer 48

Climate

Question 49

A storm that forms outside the tropics

Answer 49

Middle-latitude cyclonic storm

Question 50

Tropical storm system that has a swirling band of clouds and surface winds of excess

Answer 50

Hurricane

Question 51

Tall, churning clouds accompanied by lightning, thunder, strong gusty winds and heavy rain

Answer 51

Thunderstorms

Question 52

Intense rotating column of air that extends downward from the base of a thunderstorm

Answer 52

Tornado

Question 53

Horizontal movement of air

Answer 53

Wind

Question 54

Direction from which the wind is blowing

Answer 54

Wind direction

Question 55

The boundary that separates the warm and cool air, appears as a heavy, dark line on the map

Answer 55

Front

Question 56

Hypothesis that withstands examination

Answer 56

Theory

Question 57

Device that measures pressure

Answer 57

Barometer

Question 58

The more air that is above us, the greater the ________.

Answer 58

Pressure

Question 59

Energy related to motion

Answer 59

Kinetic energy

Question 60

Temperature measures the ________ of atoms and molecules, i.e. average kinetic energy.

Answer 60

Speed

Question 61

How do you change degrees from Fahrenheit to Celsius and vise versa?

Answer 61

T(celcius) * 1.8 + 32 = T(fahrenheit) [ T(fahrenheit) - 32 ] / 1.8 = T(celsius)