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HUM302 - Medieval Culture > Exam 1 (Ch 1-4) > Flashcards

Exam 1 (Ch 1-4) Flashcards

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1
Q

Hebrew Bible

A

Old Testament - history of the Hebrew people and relationship to God

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2
Q

Christian Bible

A

New Testament - story of Jesus Christ

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3
Q

How was the Bible used during the Early Middle Ages?

A

The Bible was the foundation of Christian belief, and the practice of scriptural interpretation was common. Tolerance and charity were practiced, and the belief of life after death guided decisions. Greek and Latin classics were also very popular.

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4
Q

What are the synoptic Gospels?

A

Matthew, Mark, and Luke

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5
Q

Which books are the most sacred of the OT?

A

The Torah (Hebrew)/Pentateuch (Greek) (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy)

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6
Q

Who was Paul?

A

Paul was responsible for spreading Christianity to many foreign countries and converting people by incorporating pagan and Christian traditions

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7
Q

Typology

A

Seeing the new in the old

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8
Q

Typology examples

A

Jonah is figurally related to the entombment of Christ; Adam and Eve are related to Jesus and Mary; the four OT prophets are related to the Gospel authors

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9
Q

4 OT prophets

A

Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Daniel

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10
Q

Original meaning of apocalypse

A

Revelation

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11
Q

Does the Bible contain all significant early Christian literature?

A

No; the Bible inspired lots of Christian ‘fan-fiction’

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12
Q

How was Platonic philosophy incorporated in the Middle Ages?

A

Plato served as the father to the idea of a ‘mystical ascent to God.’ Plato posited that worldly objects were just reflections of a reality that exists outside the senses

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13
Q

How was Aristotle’s philosophy incorporated in the Middle Ages?

A

Aristotle taught that the reality of an object remains within the realm of your senses. Form (the object category) and matter (uniqueness of the object) define everything in the universe. Aristotle’s teachings were keystones in Thomas Aquinas’ philosophy when defining God. Aristotle’s discoveries were the basis of Medieval science.

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14
Q

What were the four major Roman legacies?

A

The transmission and transformation of Greek culture, Roman law, the idea of empire, Latin

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15
Q

Transmission of Greek culture

A

The Romans made the works of Greek philosophers and poets more available for rumination

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16
Q

Roman Law

A

The Roman Empire developed the most sophisticated code of law to that point

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17
Q

The idea of empire

A

Romans institutionalized the idea of empire; government over personal conquest

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18
Q

Latin

A

Latin was the universal language

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19
Q

Most influential models of classical thought

A

Plato, Aristotle, Cicero, Virgil, Ovid

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20
Q

Plato

A

Wrote the Republic, Allegory of the Cave

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21
Q

Aristotle

A

keystone for Thomas Aquinas’ “Philosophy of Being”

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22
Q

Cicero

A

Stoicism; upheld Roman principles at end of Roman Republic

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23
Q

Virgil

A

The Aeneid - founding of Roman people

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24
Q

Ovid

A

Metamorphoses - stories of classical gods and heroes across all time

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25
Q

Examples of early martyrs

A

St Stephen, Ignatius of Antioch, Paul

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26
Q

How was Christian persecution by Romans ended?

A

Constantine I established Edict of Milan, which dictated religious tolerance of Christians within the Roman Empire

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27
Q

Why was Constantine I important?

A

reformed empire to tetrarchy, reformed army and politics, moved capitol to Byzantium (renamed Constantinople), ended Christian persecution

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28
Q

Hagiography

A

Writings about saints’ lives; meant to show how saints achieved sainthood

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29
Q

Attribute

A

Iconic motif/emblem

30
Q

St. Matthew

A

divine man

31
Q

St. Mark

A

Winged lion

32
Q

St. Luke

A

Winged Ox

33
Q

St. John

A

Rising Eagle

34
Q

Examples of early Church fathers

A

St. Jerome - wrote on asceticism, translated Vulgate; Ignatius - bishop of Antioch (Syria), argued for bishops, fought Gnosticism

35
Q

Major texts written by Augustine of Hippo

A

The City of God, On Christian Doctrine, and Confessions

36
Q

Relic

A

Fragment of the body or personal possession of a canonized saint

37
Q

Who translated Bible to Latin?

A

St. Jerome

38
Q

Latin Bible name

A

Vulgate

39
Q

4 Great Latin Church Fathers

A

Sts. Gregory, Jerome, Augustine, and Ambrose

40
Q

On Christian Teaching

A

presents theory on how to read scripture

41
Q

Confessions

A

St. Augustine autobiography detailing his conversion to Christianity

42
Q

The City of God

A

interpretation of history as the struggle between the heavenly and earthly

43
Q

Crucifixion of Jesus

A

30 CE

44
Q

Persecution of Christians by Nero

A

64 CE

45
Q

Deaths of Sts. Peter and Paul

A

65 CE

46
Q

Martyrdom of St. Ignatius

A

107 CE

47
Q

Martyrdom of St. Polycarp

A

155 CE

48
Q

Reign of Emperor Diocletian

A

284-305 CE

49
Q

Reign of Emperor Constantine

A

312-337 CE

50
Q

Edict of Milan

A

313 CE

51
Q

Council of NIcaea

A

325 CE

52
Q

Dedication of the City of Constantinople

A

330 CE

53
Q

Life of St. Ambrose

A

340-397 CE

54
Q

Life of St. Jerome

A

342-420 CE

55
Q

Life of St. Augustine

A

354-430 CE

56
Q

Apologetics

A

Religious discipline of defending religious doctrines through systematic debate

57
Q

Gnostics

A

Material things are evil

58
Q

Pelagianism

A

original sin did not taint human nature and humans can achieve perfection (heresy)

59
Q

Apocalypticism

A

Belief that the end of the world is imminent

60
Q

Doctors of the Church

A

Designated teachers of the Church

61
Q

Alypius

A

Augustine’s friend in “Confessions” who turns from God towards self

62
Q

Stoicism

A

The endurance of pain or hardship without complaint

63
Q

Ecumenical council

A

meeting of bishops to consider and rule questions of the Christian faith

64
Q

Exegesis

A

critical explanation of scripture

65
Q

Petrine Succession

A

Bishop of Rome direct successor of Peter

66
Q

Asceticism

A

Strict self-denial

67
Q

St. Antony

A

founded Monasticism

68
Q

Donatism

A

Sinners excluded from church

69
Q

Arianism

A

Christ was not eternal

70
Q
A

HUM302 - Medieval Culture (3 decks)

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