Exam 1- Cardio intro Flashcards
Determinants of arterial BP (3)
- rate of flow into arterial system
- ease of outflow
- total system volume
higher CO gives higher
- pressure
CO is increased by:
- larger SV which is modulated by autonomic input, preload (veins), and afterload (arterioles)
- also by faster HR
Ease of outflow
- vascular resistance, also controls pressure
- autonomic and local control
low central venous pressure would give ____
- poor filling and low CO
blood flow is managed globally by the ___
sympathetic nervous system
the sympathetic nervous system controls what 3 things?
- CO (HR and force)
- peripheral resistance
- blood volume (and thus CO)
if BP is high, SNS is
quiet
essential hypertension
- no identified cause that can be treated
- treat the symptoms
Law of La Place
- glove example..
- same pressure in the palm than in the fingers but fingers handle it better b/c smaller diameter.. palm expands
Elevated BP leads to what kind of heart?
- dilated heart
- at any given pressure, it is harder for the heart to pump when expanded
Hypertension can cause vascular wall damage b/c
- overtime, vascular endothelium is damaged by pressure
- glomerular vessel walls are not very strong, they can blow
three diseases where hypertension can come secondary
- hyperthyroidism
- renal arterial stenosis
- pheochromocytoma
4 classes of antihypertensives
- diuretics
- sympatholytics
- direct acting vasodilators
- ACE inhibitors
