Exam 1 Brightspace Terms Flashcards
Abstract
Provides a quick overview of the research article.
Introduction
Describes the central issue of the paper and provides a brief background on existing research. It also portrays the goals of the study, why it is important, and often presents the hypotheses.
Method
Describes in detail how the study was conducted. It often includes a description of the participants, as well as the materials used, such as questionnaires.
Results
Describes the data that was collected as well as the ways in which it was analyzed.
Discussion
Provides an interpretation of the data, considers he implications of the results, and could also possibly suggest future directions of study.
Goals in Reading Research Reports
- Specific Research Results
- How Social Psychologists Come About Their Findings
- Ethical Issues and Guidelines About the Topic
- Historical Changes within Social-Psychological Resarch and in Society
Self-serving Biases
Tendency to attribute successes to more internal factors and failures to more external factors.
Locus
Extent to which causes are found within the person whose behavior is being explined vs. the external environment.
Stability
Extent to which causes remain relatively constant vs. fluctuate with time.
Controllability
Extent to which causes are under the actor or coactor’s power of will.
Archival Studies
Allows access to samples and contexts that would otherwise be unavailable to researchers. Seeking out resources that already exist and are achived such as census data.
Frazier v. Cupp (1969)
Supreme Court decision that made it constitutional for police to present false evidence.
Senate Bill S324
Proposed New York state legislation that if passed, would ban police deception using misinformation and would require courts to evaluate the reliability of confession evidence.
Misinformation
False information that, in the criminal justice system, can make interrogated suspects susceptible for confessing to crimes they didn’t commit. Examples include counterfeit test results, false witness reports, and lying about existing evidence.
Good Samaritan Parable
A parable in the Bible that relates an anecdote rgarding helping behavior.
- A study with students from Princeton Theological Seminary. Some subjects were going to give a short talk on the Good Samaritan Parable, others on a non-helping relevant topic.
- Subjects had to go between two buildings encountering a poorly dressed person fallen between the buildings. Some were told to hurry because they were going to be late for their speech, others were not.
- Study looked upon whether religious variables predicted if individual would help victim. Results found that subjects were less likely to help when in a hurry, regardless of religious background.
Availability Heuristic
The tendency to predict the likelihood of an event, or judge how risky it is, based on how easy it is to bring specific examples to mind. Leads students to overestimate the risk of committing errors when changing answers.
- Incorrect decisions tend to linger longer than the memory of correct decisions. Students remember the times when changing answers made them lose points bc they were incorrect, so they hold onto that myth.
First Instinct Fallacy
The common belief/myth that changing initial instincts about the right answer on a test either won’t improve score or will potentially lower it.
» The conclusion is that if we have a good reason to believe we’re wrong, we should go with our head, not our gut, and change.
Interdependence Theory
The idea that the nature of social interactions depends on the people involved and the type of situation. This theory adds that situations consist of varying degrees of: conflicts of interest, mutual dependence, and relative power.
Weak Ties
Refers to people beyond an individual’s close network of friends and family, extending to acquaintances and even strangers.
