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Systems Path 1 > Exam 1- Bone Tumors > Flashcards

Exam 1- Bone Tumors Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common type of bone tumor?

A

Metastasis to bone is MC

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2
Q

Who is at risk for Low back pain of cancerous origin

A

50 yrs old or more

History of cancer

Cache is (unexplained weight loss)

Pain longer than a month

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3
Q

What are the 3 MC primary bone cancers

A
  1. Osteosarcoma
  2. Chondrosarcoma
  3. Ewing sarcoma

Elderly= increased risk that bone tumor is malignant

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4
Q

Bone tumors normally occur when?

A

Before 40

Slow growing, long bones of extremities,

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5
Q

Age and location of osteosarcoma

A

10-20, knee

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6
Q

Age and location of osteoma

A

Age 40-50, facial bones/skull

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7
Q

Osteod Osteoma occurs to who and when

A

Males 2x more likely, age 10-20

Localized nocturnal pain

Smaller than 2 cm, near cortex of femur/tibia, relieved by aspirin

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8
Q

What is an osteoblastoma

A

2-6cm

Vertebral processes affected

Unrelieved by aspirin

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9
Q

What is an osteosarcoma

A

Bone producing sarcoma

MC primary bone CA

Males 1.5x more likely 75% of cases less than 20yrs old

Associated with a Codman triangle on X-ray

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10
Q

Location of osteosarcoma

A

Long bone metaphysics

Knee=60%. Hip= 15% Shoulder= 10%

Destroys cortex “sunburst”

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11
Q

A person that has retinoblastoma syndrome is 1000x higher risk of getting

A

Osteosarcoma

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12
Q

What is a primary Osteosarcoma

A

Age 10-20, 60-70% survival rate

Aka typical

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13
Q

Secondary Osteosarcoma

A

AKA co-morbid

Age 40 or over, paget disease poor response to therapy, typically fatal

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14
Q

Cartilage forming tumors

A

Hyaline= clear, glass like

Myxoid= mucus like

MC benign

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15
Q

3 main types of Cartilage forming tumors

A

Osteochondroma aka exostosis

Chondroma aka enchondroma

Chondrosarcoma

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16
Q

Osteochondroma

A

Benign, cartilage capped outgrowth

Hyalin cartilage

Males 3x higher risk age 10-30

17
Q

What are the two forms of osteochondroma

A

Solitary- sporadic, adolescent/ young adult onset

Multiple hereditary Osteochondromas- familial, mutated TSG, childhood onset

18
Q

Where do osteochondromas occur?

A

Knee (MC), pelvis, scapula, ribs

1-20cm, slow growing

19
Q

What’s a chondroma

A

Benign tumor of hyaline cartilage

Naming is location based

Aka Enchondroma= medullary (favored)

20
Q

Age of onset of chondroma

A

20-50

21
Q

What is Oliver disease

A

Multiple enchondromas, result of sporadic mutations

22
Q

MC spot for solitary enchondromsas

A

Inn the hand specifically proximal phalanges

23
Q

Gray-blue nodules of hyaline cartilage is a symptom of

A

Chondroma

Also can have a o-ring

24
Q

Chondrosarcoma is the 2 MC

A

Primary bone cancer

40-60 years old males 2x more likely

25
Q

Chondrosarcoma occur

A

In pelvis shoulder ribs, prox femur. Intermedullary MC

The mass has a “glistening” appearance

It expands within the cavity eroding cortex

26
Q

Difference between low and high grade chondrosarcoma

A

Low grade- MC, slow growing, favorable prognosis

High grade- cortical erosion, large soft tissue mass, 70% mets: lungs is MC, only 40% survival

27
Q

What is a fibrous cortical defect

A

Benign tumor of fibroblasts + macrophages, normally tiny

If larger than 3 cm, its a Nonossifying fibroma

Normally occurs at knee

28
Q

What causes Fibrous Dysplasia

A

Spontaneous GNAS mutation

Monostotic- single bone is involved
Polyostotic- multiple bones are involved
Polyostotic- endocrinopathy aka MCCune Albright syndrome

29
Q

What is MC fibrous dysplasia

A

Monostotic 10-30 yrs old

Polyostotic 27% of cases, severe deformation late childhood

30
Q

Ewing sarcoma is

A

Femur diaphysis painful enlarging mass

“Onion skinning”

Caucasians 9x more likely and males. 75% survival after 5 yrs

31
Q

Giant cell tumor of bone is

A

Multinucleated giant cells

MC at knee, erodes cortex age 20-40

Diagnosis biopsy

Arthritis like pain

Thin “shell” of cortex, “soap bubble” appearance

32
Q

Most common metastasis to bone

A

Adults- prostate (blastic), breast (lytic), lung (mixed)

Children- neuroblastoma, Wilms tumor, Osteosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, ewing sarcoma

Systems Path 1 (3 decks)

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