Exam 1 - Biomechanics Concepts

Question 1

Major Goals of Sports Biomechanics

Answer 1

• Technique Improvement (reduce injury)
• Equipment Improvement (reduce injury)
• Training Improvement
• Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation

Question 2

Biomechanics

Answer 2

area of study wherein the knowledge and methods of mechanics are applied to people and objects in motion

(forces & their effects on living systems and objects)

-requires knowledge of skeletal , articular, and neuromuscular system, and the laws and principles set forth mechanical physics

Question 3

Upper Extremity

Answer 3

Arm
Forearm
Hand

Question 4

Lower Extremity

Answer 4

Thigh
Leg
Foot

Question 5

Trunk

Answer 5

Thorax

Abdomen

Question 6

Planes of Motion & Axis of Rotation

Answer 6

Frontal, Lateral, Coronal
- A/P

Sagittal, AP, Median
-Transverse

Transverse (Hz)- Horizontal
-Longitudinal

Question 7

Sagittal Plane Joint Actions

Answer 7

Flexion 
Extension 
Hyperextension 
Dorsiflexion 
Plantar flexion 

moving direction = forward and back

Question 8

Frontal Plane Joint Actions

Answer 8

Adduction 
Abduction
Radial Deviation 
Ulnar Deviation 
Inversion 
Eversion 
Lateral flexion (right/left)

moving direction = sideways

Question 9

Transverse Plane Joint Actions

Answer 9

External rotation 
Internal rotation 
Horizontal Abduction 
Horizontal Adduction 
Supination (outward)
Pronation (inward)

Question 10

Kinematics

Answer 10

describes the motion

lets you know:

• how far
• how fast
• changes
• effects of force

Question 11

Kinetic

Answer 11

forces that cause the motion

Question 12

Statics

Answer 12

not moving

Question 13

Dynamics

Answer 13

moving

Question 14

1 meter -> 1 foot

1 foot -> 1 meter

Answer 14

3. 28ft (39inches)

0. 3048m

Question 15

Newton’s Laws of Motion

Answer 15

Inertia
Acceleration
Action-Reaction
Gravitation

Question 16

Law of Inertia

Answer 16

An object at rest tends to stay at rest, and an object in motion tends to stay in motion unless acted upon by some net external force

ex. car crashing into brick wall = force is the guy flying out the car

• Nothing starts or stops by itself - an external force is required
• more force is required to speed it up, slow it down, change direction then to keep it at same speed
• greater force is required to start a body in motion
• less force is required to keep a body moving at a uniform rate

Question 17

Law of Acceleration

Answer 17

change of motion of an object is proportional to the force impressed and is made in the direction of the straight line in which the force is impressed

(force changes acceleration)
more force = more change

• explains what happens if a net external force is applied
• cause and effect relationship
• inc. force = inc. acc
• inc. mass = dec. acc

occurs in the “direction of the straight line in which the force is impressed”
-directional: can be positive or negative
+ if force and acceleration in same direction (speeds up)
- if force and acceleration in opposite direction (slows down)

Question 18

5 forces

Answer 18

start
stop
speed up 
slow up 
change direction

Question 19

Calculations in Law of Acceleration

Answer 19

F = ma      or       a=F/m
Newton = 1kg * 1m/s^2
1N = .22lbs       1lb = 4.5N

Question 20

Law of Action/Reaction

Answer 20

for every force there is an equal and opposite reaction force

ex. objects A & B interact with ea. other and exert forces on ea. other - Force Pairs
- size on forces are equal between the 2 objects
- forces occur in opposite directions

ex. sprinter out of starting block
ex. jumping straight up
ex. pushing against the wall