exam 1 basic definitions

Question 1

transcytosis

Answer 1

molecules are transported from one side of a cell to the other

Question 2

endocytosis (and the two types)

Answer 2

uptake of extracellular substances into membranous vesicles that form from the plasma membrane
phagocytosis and pinocytosis

Question 3

convection

Answer 3

generates a pressure gradient at the site of injection so therapeutics are distributed in blood and interstitial fluid through bulk flow transport

Question 4

diffusion

Answer 4

paracellular and transcellular (transcytosis) transport

Question 5

innate immune system

Answer 5

The first line of defense is the skin, mucus, eyes, respiratory tract, etc. that can keep external pathogens from entering the body.

Fighting off the enemy before they infiltrate our home base

Question 6

adaptive immune system

Answer 6

highly specific memory response

Fighting off enemy once they infiltrate and learning/understanding their tactics to defend better in the future

Question 7

paracellular transport

Answer 7

transport of small molecules through two environments without disturbance
does not take place across the blood-brain barrier

Question 8

transcellular transport

Answer 8

transport of macromolecules across the epithelium through intercellular space
important in absorbing drugs in GI tract

Question 9

oral drug admin

Answer 9

patient swallows or directly takes therapeutic; drug goes directly to GI tract
- Advantages: ease, patient compliance, minimally-invasive
- Disadvantages: first pass metabolism (slow, short retention time, lack of precision)

Question 10

airway drug admin

Answer 10

inhalation; direct drug delivery to lungs
- Advantages: ease, localization to respiratory pathway
- Disadvantages: lung mucosa can limit transport or absorption, size restriction due to use to aerosol form, transport of drug to target is not guaranteed

Question 11

transdermal drug admin

Answer 11

applying a drug formulation onto intact and healthy skin; absorbed into bloodstream (i.e. insulin patch-pump)
- Advantages: avoidance of biological pathways and bio-incompatibility, convenient and easy to use, bypasses first pass metabolism
- Disadvantages: drugs that have high molecular weight, possible irritation, denaturation of drug

Question 12

parenteral drug admin

Answer 12

• Administered or occurs elsewhere in the body than the mouth – avoids first-pass effect and metabolic pathways found in the GI tract
• Most common mode of delivery for biologics

Question 13

types of parenteral drug admin

Answer 13

subcutaneous- under the skin
intramuscular- in the muscle
intravenous- in the vein
intradermal- between skin layers

Question 14

immunogenicity

Answer 14

ability of a foreign substance, such as an antigen, to provoke an immune response