Exam 1 - Antihistamines Flashcards
What is the most common cause of the common cold
Virus
Choose the correct response:
Mucosal irritation (constricts/dilates) small blood vessels in the nasal sinuses and causes nasal congestion
Dilates
Treating the common cold is what type of drug therapy?
Empiric
Histamine is distributed by what cells?
Mast cells and basophils
Where are mast cells present in the body?
Everywhere especially the respiratory tract, GI Tract and skin.
Allergic release of histamine usually required what scenario?
A previous exposure to the allergen
Which immunoglobulin is associated with allergic reactions
IgE
What substance is responsible for the itch, sneezy, wheezy, coughing, runny nose of a cold?
Histamine
How does IgE cause an allergic reaction?
IgE drills hole in mast cell which releases histamine which binds to histamine receptors to stimulate further release of histamine
Where are histamine I receptors located?
Smooth muscle and vascular endothelial cells
The release of what substance causes the following:
Vasodilation
Increased capillary permeability and edema
Broncho constriction
Itching, secretion of mucus
Histamine
The principal use of H1 blockers is what?
Treatment of allergic reaction
T/F: The action of antihistamines is to block the action of histamine at the H2 receptor sites?
False. The action of antihistamines is to block the action of histamine at the H1 receptor sites
During allergy season when is an optimal time to take Benadryl (Diphenhydramine)?
At bedtime
Taking Benadryl (Diphenhydramine) before allergies kick in during allergy season is what type of drug treament?
Prophylactic
These are 3 properties of what type of drugs?
Antihistamine
Anticholinergic
Sedative
Antihistamines
What drug is a first generation antihistamine?
Diphenhydramine )Benadryl)
What physiological quality delineates first from second generation antihistamines?
First - Lipid soluble so cross the blood/brain barrier
Second - Cross the blood/brain barrier poorly
Which of the following are the effects of histamine:
1 - Stimulate salivary-gastric, lacrimal and bronchial secretions
2 - Reduce salivary, gastric lacrimal and bronchial secretions
1 - Stimulate salivary-gastric, lacrimal and bronchial secretions
What of the following are effects of antihistamines:
1 - Stimulate salivary-gastric, lacrimal and bronchial secretions
2 - Reduce salivary, gastric lacrimal and bronchial secretions
2 - Reduce salivary, gastric lacrimal and bronchial secretions
Anticholinergic or antiadrenergic are characteristic of histamines?
Anticholinergic
What does an anticholinergic drug do?
Block the activity acetylcholine (ACh) at both central and peripheral nervous system synapses
Choose the answer: Antihistamines (increase/reduce) capillary permeability?
Decrease
T/F: The drying effect is the result of anticholinergics?
True
T/F: Some antihistamines cause sedation
True. First generation antihistamines cause drowsiness because they cross the blood/brain barrier
In what population should you avoid the use of anticholinergics?
The elderly
What are the side effects of anticholinergics?
Mad as a hatter
Red as a beet
Can’t see
Can’t pee
Can’t spit
Can’t shit
Increase intraocular pressure, cardiac or renal disease, hypertention, BPH or pregnancy are contraindications of what drug?
Antihistamines
Pseudoephedrine is what class of medication?
Decongestant
The trade name for pseudoephedrine is?
Sudafed
Pseudoephedrine cause stimulation of the parasympathetic or sympathetic NS?
Sympathetic
