Exam 1 - Antihistamines

Question 1

What is the most common cause of the common cold

Answer 1

Virus

Question 2

Choose the correct response:
Mucosal irritation (constricts/dilates) small blood vessels in the nasal sinuses and causes nasal congestion

Answer 2

Dilates

Question 3

Treating the common cold is what type of drug therapy?

Answer 3

Empiric

Question 4

Histamine is distributed by what cells?

Answer 4

Mast cells and basophils

Question 5

Where are mast cells present in the body?

Answer 5

Everywhere especially the respiratory tract, GI Tract and skin.

Question 6

Allergic release of histamine usually required what scenario?

Answer 6

A previous exposure to the allergen

Question 7

Which immunoglobulin is associated with allergic reactions

Answer 7

IgE

Question 8

What substance is responsible for the itch, sneezy, wheezy, coughing, runny nose of a cold?

Answer 8

Histamine

Question 9

How does IgE cause an allergic reaction?

Answer 9

IgE drills hole in mast cell which releases histamine which binds to histamine receptors to stimulate further release of histamine

Question 10

Where are histamine I receptors located?

Answer 10

Smooth muscle and vascular endothelial cells

Question 11

The release of what substance causes the following:
Vasodilation
Increased capillary permeability and edema
Broncho constriction
Itching, secretion of mucus

Answer 11

Histamine

Question 12

The principal use of H1 blockers is what?

Answer 12

Treatment of allergic reaction

Question 13

T/F: The action of antihistamines is to block the action of histamine at the H2 receptor sites?

Answer 13

False. The action of antihistamines is to block the action of histamine at the H1 receptor sites

Question 14

During allergy season when is an optimal time to take Benadryl (Diphenhydramine)?

Answer 14

At bedtime

Question 15

Taking Benadryl (Diphenhydramine) before allergies kick in during allergy season is what type of drug treament?

Answer 15

Prophylactic

Question 16

These are 3 properties of what type of drugs?
Antihistamine
Anticholinergic
Sedative

Answer 16

Antihistamines

Question 17

What drug is a first generation antihistamine?

Answer 17

Diphenhydramine )Benadryl)

Question 18

What physiological quality delineates first from second generation antihistamines?

Answer 18

First - Lipid soluble so cross the blood/brain barrier
Second - Cross the blood/brain barrier poorly

Question 19

Which of the following are the effects of histamine:
1 - Stimulate salivary-gastric, lacrimal and bronchial secretions
2 - Reduce salivary, gastric lacrimal and bronchial secretions

Answer 19

1 - Stimulate salivary-gastric, lacrimal and bronchial secretions

Question 20

What of the following are effects of antihistamines:
1 - Stimulate salivary-gastric, lacrimal and bronchial secretions
2 - Reduce salivary, gastric lacrimal and bronchial secretions

Answer 20

2 - Reduce salivary, gastric lacrimal and bronchial secretions

Question 21

Anticholinergic or antiadrenergic are characteristic of histamines?

Answer 21

Anticholinergic

Question 22

What does an anticholinergic drug do?

Answer 22

Block the activity acetylcholine (ACh) at both central and peripheral nervous system synapses

Question 23

Choose the answer: Antihistamines (increase/reduce) capillary permeability?

Answer 23

Decrease

Question 24

T/F: The drying effect is the result of anticholinergics?

Answer 24

True

Question 25

T/F: Some antihistamines cause sedation

Answer 25

True. First generation antihistamines cause drowsiness because they cross the blood/brain barrier

Question 26

In what population should you avoid the use of anticholinergics?

Answer 26

The elderly

Question 27

What are the side effects of anticholinergics?

Answer 27

Mad as a hatter
Red as a beet
Can’t see
Can’t pee
Can’t spit
Can’t shit

Question 28

Increase intraocular pressure, cardiac or renal disease, hypertention, BPH or pregnancy are contraindications of what drug?

Answer 28

Antihistamines

Question 29

Pseudoephedrine is what class of medication?

Answer 29

Decongestant

Question 30

The trade name for pseudoephedrine is?

Answer 30

Sudafed

Question 31

Pseudoephedrine cause stimulation of the parasympathetic or sympathetic NS?

Answer 31

Sympathetic