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Oceanography > Exam 1(answers) > Flashcards

Exam 1(answers) Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is True concerning the deepest part of the ocean?
a. the bottom of this trench has never been reached by a submersible
b. the deepest part of the ocean is located in a trench off the coast of Japan
c. the depth of this trench exceeds the height of mount Everest
d. the depth of this trench is estimated at 15,000 meters
e. this trench is called the Philippine Trench

A

c. the depth of this trench exceeds the height of mount Everest

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2
Q

Which ocean is the smallest

A

Arctic ocean

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3
Q

Which ocean is the deepest ocean in the world

A

the pacific ocean

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4
Q

Which of the following Vikings is credited with discovering Greenland?

A

Erik Thorvaldson

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5
Q

A tentative, testable statement about the general nature of a phenomenon is called a(n) ______

A

Hypothesis

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6
Q

Plate tectonics and evolution, which are held with a high degree of confidence because of rigorous testing and verification, are examples of

A

theories

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7
Q

The Sun and the rest of the solar system formed about 5 billion years ago from a huge cloud of dust and gas called a

A

nebula

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8
Q

oceanic crust is primarily

A

basalt

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9
Q

Which layer of the Earth is composed of a liquid?

A

Outer core

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10
Q

Earth is a layered sphere with the ______-density material found bear the center of Earth and the ______-density material located near the surface.

A

Highest, lowest

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11
Q

Current scientific knowledge indicates that the most likely origin of most of Earth’s oceans was due to

A

water vapor released from volcanic outgassing

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12
Q

Radioactive materials can sometimes be used to determine the ______

A

ages of rocks

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13
Q

The Earth is approximately

A

4.6 billion years old

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14
Q

The first person to advance the idea of mobile continents or continental drift was

A

Alfred Wegener

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15
Q

Which of the following was not used as evidence for continental drift?

A

Paleomagnetic reversals

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16
Q

Fossils of ancient polar plants are currently found near the equator because the

A

plants lived near the poles, but landmasses have drifted to current locations

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17
Q

Which of the following fossils was used as data to help reconstruct Pangea because it was a reptile found in South America and Africa?

A

Mesocaurus

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18
Q

The seafloor magnetic pattern is best described as

A

parallel to and symmetric about mid-ocean ridges

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19
Q

Which of the following statements is true of the lithosphere?
a. The lithosphere is composed only of outer mantle material
b. the lithosphere is composed only of igneous rock
c. the lithosphere is composed only of metamorphic rock
d. The lithosphere is composed of the crust and the uppermost portion of the mantle
e. The lithosphere is composed of the inner portion of the mantle and the outer core.

A

The lithosphere is composed of the crust and the uppermost portion of the mantle

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20
Q

In terms of heat flow from the Earth’s interior, which area would have increased heat flow?

A

Mid-ocean ridges

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21
Q

In the ocean, where are the youngest rocks found?

A

Mid-ocean ridges

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22
Q

Which layer of the Earth produces the Earth’s magnetic field?

A

outer core

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23
Q

Tectonic plates move about as fast as _____.

A

your fingernails grow

24
Q

Most deep earthquakes occur along which of the following?

A

Ocean trenches

25
Q

The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is an example of a ____.

A

divergent plate boundary

26
Q

Deep ocean trenched are associated with

A

subduction zones

27
Q

Which of the following is characteristic of oceanic-oceanic convergent plate boundaries?
a. fracture zones
b. hot spots
c. mid- ocean ridges
d. volcanic island arcs
e. shallow earthquakes

A

volcanic island arcs

28
Q

The Himalayan Mountains and Alps are geographic examples of which type of plate boundary?

A

Convergent

29
Q

Which type of convergence is where the older denser sea floor subducts and an oceanic island arc is created?

A

Oceanic-oceanic convergence

30
Q

What type of seafloor feature does a transform plate boundary make?

A

fault

31
Q

The Red Sea is an example of _____ plate boundary?

A

a continental-continental divergent

32
Q

The Mariana trench is an example of _____ plate boundary?

A

an oceanic-oceanic convergent

33
Q

The gently sloping and fast-spreading parts of the mid-ocean ridge are called _____.

A

oceanic rises

34
Q

The Hawaiian Islands are located where the Pacific plate is

A

moving over a hot sport or mantle plume

35
Q

Volcanoes on the seafloor that are flat-topped because of wave erosion are called

A

tablemounts

36
Q

The first scientist to propose the origin of coral reefs based upon subsidence (sinking) of volcanic island was

A

Charles Darwin

37
Q

The method that is used most frequently to investigate sediment and rock layers of the sea floor is ____

A

sound waves

38
Q

The first recorded attempt to measure the ocean’s depth was conducted using which of the following techniques?

A

sounding

39
Q

The correct order of seafloor features from the coast to the mid-ocean ridge is

A

shelf, slope, rise, abyssal plain

40
Q

Characteristics of passive continental margins include which of the following?
a. Broad continental shelves
b. chains of islands
c. deep-sea trenches
d. thin sediment accumulation
e. volcanic and earthquakes activity

A

broad continental shelves

41
Q

Which of the following features is related to transform faults along mid-ocean ridges?
a. continental rise
b. continental shelf
c. continental slope
d. fracture zone
e. submarine canyon

A

fracture zone

42
Q

Submarine canyons were most likely formed by _____.

A

erosion by turbidity currents

43
Q

What is the underlying rock for the continental shelf?

A

granite

44
Q

Which of the following is an example of a passive continental margin?
a. East coast of Japan
b. East coast of the US
c. West coast of chile
d. west coast of Mexico
e. southern coast of Alaska

A

East Coast of the United States

45
Q

Older lithosphere is destroyed in association with _____.

A

deep-sea trenches

46
Q

The majority of ocean trenches are along the margins of which ocean?

A

Pacific

47
Q

The mid-ocean ridge is entirely volcanic and is composed of _____ lavas characteristic of the oceanic crust.

A

basaltic

48
Q

TorF: Wilson cycles describe the evolution and destruction of ocean basins

A

T

49
Q

TorF: The NEPTUNE Projection monitors the seafloor off the east coast of the USA

A

F- west coast

50
Q

TorF: It was during the Age of discovery that the Phoenicians set sail and explored the oceans

A

F

51
Q

TorF: The Atlantic Ocean is know for its “Ring Of Fire” because of all the active tectonic boundaries around the basin.

A

F- Pacific

52
Q

TorF: When Earth cooled, the layers separated based of density differences

A

T

52
Q

TorF: James Cook explored the oceans in the late 1700s specifically in order to gather scientific data about the oceans

A

F- not only about the oceans

53
Q

TorF: The technology used to image the seafloor was developed as a result of the 20th-century World Wars

A

T

54
Q

TorF: The Big Bang Theory happened 5 billion years ago and is though to be how the solar system formed

A

F- universe was formed

55
Q

TorF: In order for something to be classified as science, it must be falsifiable. In other words, we must be able to try to prove it wrong.

A

T

56
Q

TorF: Plate Tectonics was proposed in 1912

A

F- the late 1960s

Oceanography (2 decks)

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