Exam 1(answers) Flashcards
Which of the following is True concerning the deepest part of the ocean?
a. the bottom of this trench has never been reached by a submersible
b. the deepest part of the ocean is located in a trench off the coast of Japan
c. the depth of this trench exceeds the height of mount Everest
d. the depth of this trench is estimated at 15,000 meters
e. this trench is called the Philippine Trench
c. the depth of this trench exceeds the height of mount Everest
Which ocean is the smallest
Arctic ocean
Which ocean is the deepest ocean in the world
the pacific ocean
Which of the following Vikings is credited with discovering Greenland?
Erik Thorvaldson
A tentative, testable statement about the general nature of a phenomenon is called a(n) ______
Hypothesis
Plate tectonics and evolution, which are held with a high degree of confidence because of rigorous testing and verification, are examples of
theories
The Sun and the rest of the solar system formed about 5 billion years ago from a huge cloud of dust and gas called a
nebula
oceanic crust is primarily
basalt
Which layer of the Earth is composed of a liquid?
Outer core
Earth is a layered sphere with the ______-density material found bear the center of Earth and the ______-density material located near the surface.
Highest, lowest
Current scientific knowledge indicates that the most likely origin of most of Earth’s oceans was due to
water vapor released from volcanic outgassing
Radioactive materials can sometimes be used to determine the ______
ages of rocks
The Earth is approximately
4.6 billion years old
The first person to advance the idea of mobile continents or continental drift was
Alfred Wegener
Which of the following was not used as evidence for continental drift?
Paleomagnetic reversals
Fossils of ancient polar plants are currently found near the equator because the
plants lived near the poles, but landmasses have drifted to current locations
Which of the following fossils was used as data to help reconstruct Pangea because it was a reptile found in South America and Africa?
Mesocaurus
The seafloor magnetic pattern is best described as
parallel to and symmetric about mid-ocean ridges
Which of the following statements is true of the lithosphere?
a. The lithosphere is composed only of outer mantle material
b. the lithosphere is composed only of igneous rock
c. the lithosphere is composed only of metamorphic rock
d. The lithosphere is composed of the crust and the uppermost portion of the mantle
e. The lithosphere is composed of the inner portion of the mantle and the outer core.
The lithosphere is composed of the crust and the uppermost portion of the mantle
In terms of heat flow from the Earth’s interior, which area would have increased heat flow?
Mid-ocean ridges
In the ocean, where are the youngest rocks found?
Mid-ocean ridges
Which layer of the Earth produces the Earth’s magnetic field?
outer core
Tectonic plates move about as fast as _____.
your fingernails grow
Most deep earthquakes occur along which of the following?
Ocean trenches
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is an example of a ____.
divergent plate boundary
Deep ocean trenched are associated with
subduction zones
Which of the following is characteristic of oceanic-oceanic convergent plate boundaries?
a. fracture zones
b. hot spots
c. mid- ocean ridges
d. volcanic island arcs
e. shallow earthquakes
volcanic island arcs
The Himalayan Mountains and Alps are geographic examples of which type of plate boundary?
Convergent
Which type of convergence is where the older denser sea floor subducts and an oceanic island arc is created?
Oceanic-oceanic convergence
What type of seafloor feature does a transform plate boundary make?
fault
The Red Sea is an example of _____ plate boundary?
a continental-continental divergent
The Mariana trench is an example of _____ plate boundary?
an oceanic-oceanic convergent
The gently sloping and fast-spreading parts of the mid-ocean ridge are called _____.
oceanic rises
The Hawaiian Islands are located where the Pacific plate is
moving over a hot sport or mantle plume
Volcanoes on the seafloor that are flat-topped because of wave erosion are called
tablemounts
The first scientist to propose the origin of coral reefs based upon subsidence (sinking) of volcanic island was
Charles Darwin
The method that is used most frequently to investigate sediment and rock layers of the sea floor is ____
sound waves
The first recorded attempt to measure the ocean’s depth was conducted using which of the following techniques?
sounding
The correct order of seafloor features from the coast to the mid-ocean ridge is
shelf, slope, rise, abyssal plain
Characteristics of passive continental margins include which of the following?
a. Broad continental shelves
b. chains of islands
c. deep-sea trenches
d. thin sediment accumulation
e. volcanic and earthquakes activity
broad continental shelves
Which of the following features is related to transform faults along mid-ocean ridges?
a. continental rise
b. continental shelf
c. continental slope
d. fracture zone
e. submarine canyon
fracture zone
Submarine canyons were most likely formed by _____.
erosion by turbidity currents
What is the underlying rock for the continental shelf?
granite
Which of the following is an example of a passive continental margin?
a. East coast of Japan
b. East coast of the US
c. West coast of chile
d. west coast of Mexico
e. southern coast of Alaska
East Coast of the United States
Older lithosphere is destroyed in association with _____.
deep-sea trenches
The majority of ocean trenches are along the margins of which ocean?
Pacific
The mid-ocean ridge is entirely volcanic and is composed of _____ lavas characteristic of the oceanic crust.
basaltic
TorF: Wilson cycles describe the evolution and destruction of ocean basins
T
TorF: The NEPTUNE Projection monitors the seafloor off the east coast of the USA
F- west coast
TorF: It was during the Age of discovery that the Phoenicians set sail and explored the oceans
F
TorF: The Atlantic Ocean is know for its “Ring Of Fire” because of all the active tectonic boundaries around the basin.
F- Pacific
TorF: When Earth cooled, the layers separated based of density differences
T
TorF: James Cook explored the oceans in the late 1700s specifically in order to gather scientific data about the oceans
F- not only about the oceans
TorF: The technology used to image the seafloor was developed as a result of the 20th-century World Wars
T
TorF: The Big Bang Theory happened 5 billion years ago and is though to be how the solar system formed
F- universe was formed
TorF: In order for something to be classified as science, it must be falsifiable. In other words, we must be able to try to prove it wrong.
T
TorF: Plate Tectonics was proposed in 1912
F- the late 1960s
