Exam 1 - Allergic Rhinitis

Question 1

What are non-pharm treatments for allergic rhinitis? (2)

Answer 1

nasal saline irrigations, adhesive strips

Question 2

What is the MOA of intranasal corticosteroids?

Answer 2

reduce inflammation by suppressing cytokine release and recruitment of WBCs

Question 3

Which symptoms do intranasal corticosteroids target?

Answer 3

all

Question 4

What is important regarding the PKPD of intranasal corticosteroids?

Answer 4

onset variable and may take up to a 2-3 weeks for peak response

Question 5

What are AEs of intranasal corticosteroids? (3)

Answer 5

HA, dryness/burning/stinging/epistaxis, growth suppression in children(?)

Question 6

What are the intranasal corticosteroids? (7)

Answer 6

beclomethasone, budesonide, flunisolide, fluticasone, mometasone, triamcinolone, ciclesonide

Question 7

What is the MOA of antihistamines?

Answer 7

competitive antagonists of H1 receptors

Question 8

Which symptoms do oral antihistamines treat?

Answer 8

all except congestion (minimal)

Question 9

What are AEs of oral antihistamines? (3)

Answer 9

sedation, anticholinergic side effects, GI/changes in appetite

Question 10

What are the first-generation oral antihistamines? (2)

Answer 10

chlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine

Question 11

What are the second-generation oral antihistamines? (5)

Answer 11

cetirizine, levocetirizine, loratadine, desloratadine, fexofenadine

Question 12

What is important regarding the PKPD of intranasal antihistamines? (2)

Answer 12

rapid onset, more targeted delivery than OAH

Question 13

Which symptoms do intranasal antihistamines target?

Answer 13

all except ocular symptoms

Question 14

What are AEs of intranasal antihistamines? (3)

Answer 14

bitter taste, epistaxis, HA

Question 15

What are the intranasal antihistamines? (2)

Answer 15

azelastine, olopatadine

Question 16

Which symptoms do ophthalmic antihistamines target?

Answer 16

only ocular symptoms

Question 17

What are AEs of ophthalmic antihistamines? (3)

Answer 17

HA, blurred vision, burning/stinging

Question 18

What are the ophthalmic antihistamines? (6)

Answer 18

azelastine, olopatadine, ketotifen, alcaftadine, emedastine, epinastine

Question 19

What is the MOA of decongestants?

Answer 19

adrenergic receptor agonists in nasal mucosa (cause vasoconstriction)

Question 20

What is important regarding the PKPD of topical decongestants?

Answer 20

rapid onset

Question 21

What are AEs of topical decongestants? (3)

Answer 21

rhinitis medicamentosa (limit to 3 days or less), sneezing, dryness/burning/stinging

Question 22

What are the topical decongestants? (4)

Answer 22

phenylephrine, tetrahydrozoline, naphazoline, oxymetazoline

Question 23

What are AEs of oral decongestants? (3)

Answer 23

increase in BP, CNS stimulation, urinary retention

Question 24

What are the oral decongestants? (2)

Answer 24

pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine

Question 25

What is the MOA of cromolyn?

Answer 25

mast cell stabilizer

Question 26

Which symptoms does cromolyn target?

Answer 26

all except ocular symptoms

Question 27

What is the MOA of ipratropium?

Answer 27

anticholinergic

Question 28

Which symptoms does ipratropium treat?

Answer 28

only rhinorrhea

Question 29

What are AEs of ipatropium? (2)

Answer 29

HA, dryness/epistaxis

Question 30

What are AEs of leukotriene receptor antagonists? (3)

Answer 30

HA, GI, neuropsychiatric

Question 31

What are the leukotriene receptor antagonists? (3)

Answer 31

montelukast, zafirlukast, zileuton

Question 32

Which two medication classes should NOT be combined?

Answer 32

intranasal corticosteroids and oral antihistamines