Exam 1 - ABGs Flashcards
1
Q
what is metabolic alkalosis
A
too much bicarb OR not enough acid
2
Q
causes of metabolic alkalosis
A
- excess baking soda or alka-seltzer
- prolonged vomiting
- NG tube
- duretics
3
Q
clinical manifestations of metabolic alkalosis
A
- CNS over-excitability
- confusion
- tremors
- muscle cramps
- paresthesias: tingling of fingers and toes
- coma
- n/v/d
- respiratory depression
4
Q
respiratory alkalosis
A
H2CO3 (acid) deficit in extracellular fluid
5
Q
causes of respiratory alkalosis
A
- hyperventilation
- increased metabolic demands (fever, sepsis)
- medications
- acute anxiety
- hypoxia
- PE or lung disease
- CNS lesions
- ventilator settings
- panic attack
6
Q
clinical manifestations of respiratory alkalosis
A
- CNS over-excitability
- tachypnea
- light headedness
- confusion, blurred vision
- paresthesia: numbness of hands and feet
- hyperactive reflexes
- seizures
- coma
7
Q
respiratory acidosis
A
H2CO3 (acid) excess in extracellular fluid
8
Q
causes of respiratory acidosis
A
- hypoventilation
- cardiopulmonary arrest
- head injury
- narcotics/sedatives
- anesthesia
- asthma
- COPD
- pneumonia
- pain
- abdominal distension
- airway obstruction
- chest wall deformities
- neuromuscular problems
9
Q
clinical manifestations of respiratory acidosis
A
- dyspnea
- respiratory distress
- shallow respirations
- headache
- restlessness
- confusion
- tachycardia
- dysrhythmias
- decreased LOC
- stupor
- coma
10
Q
metabolic acidosis
A
HCO3 deficit in extracellular fluid
11
Q
causes of metabolic acidosis
A
- renal failure
- diarrhea
- diabetes (DKA)
- fistulas
- lactic acidosis
- starvation
- aspirin overdose
- shock and cardiac arrest
12
Q
clinical manifestations of metabolic acidosis
A
- deep breathing: kussmaul respirations (DKA)
- fruity odor breath (DKA)
- CNS: lethargy, confusion
- hypotension
- hyperkalemia
