Exam 1 A&P Lab Flashcards
What is the anatomical word used for the forearm?
Antebrachial
What is the anatomical word used for the anterior region of the elbows?
Antecubital
What is the anatomical word used for armpits?
Axillary
What is the anatomical word for the arms?
Brachial
What is the anatomical word used for cheeks?
Buccal
What is the anatomical word used for the heel of the foot?
Calacaneal
What is the anatomical word used for the wrist?
Carpal
What is the anatomical word for the head?
Cephalic
What is the anatomical word for the neck?
Cervical
What is the anatomical word for the hip?
Coxal
What is the anatomical word for the skull?
Cranial
What is the anatomical term for the legs?
Crural
What is the anatomical term for fingers or toes?
Digital
What is the anatomical term for thighs?
Femoral
What is the anatomical term for the forehead?
Frontal
What is the anatomical term for the buttocks?
Gluteal
What is the anatomical term for the big toe?
Hallux
What is the anatomical term for the groin?
Inguinal
What is the anatomical term for hands?
Manual
What is the anatomical term for the chin?
Mental
What is the anatomical term for the back of the elbow?
Olecranon
What is the anatomical term for the eyes?
Optic/Ocular
What is the anatomical term for the mouth?
Oral
What is the anatomical term for the ear?
Otic
What is the anatomical term for the palm of the hand?
Palmar
What is the anatomical term for the anterior region of the knee?
Patellar
What is the anatomical term for the foot?
Pedal
What is the anatomical term for the pelvis?
Pelvic
What is the anatomical term for the sole of the foot?
Plantar
What is the anatomical term for the thumb?
Pollex
What is the anatomical term for the back of the knee?
Popliteal
What is the anatomical term for the shoulder blade?
Scapular
What is the anatomical term for the calf?
Sural
What is the anatomical term for the ankle?
Tarsal
What is the anatomical term for the chest?
Thoracic
What is the anatomical term for the naval?
Umbilical
What is the anatomical term for the belly?
Abdominal (abdomen)
What is the anatomical term for the loin?
Lumbar
What is the anatomical term for the breast?
Mammary
What is the anatomical term for the base of the skull?
Occipital
What is the anatomical term for the private area?
Pubic (pubis)
Define Anterior
The front or direction toward the front of the body.
Example of Anterior
The toes are anterior to the foot.
Another name for anterior?
Ventral
Define Posterior
The back or direction toward the back of the body.
Example of Posterior
The popliteus is posterior to the patella.
Another name for posterior?
Dorsal
Define Superior
A position above or higher than another part of the body
proper.
Example of Superior
The orbits are superior to the oris.
Another name for Superior?
Cranial
Define Inferior
A position below or lower than another part of the body proper;
near or toward the tail (in humans, the coccyx, or lowest part of the spinal column).
Example of Inferior
The pelvis is inferior to the abdomen.
Another name for Inferior?
Caudal
Define Lateral
the side or direction toward the side of the body.
Example of Lateral
The thumb (pollex) is
lateral to the digits.
Define Medial
he middle or direction toward the middle of the body.
Example of Medial
The hallux is the medial toe.
Define Proximal
a position in a limb that is nearer to the point of attachment or the trunk
of the body.
Example of Proximal
The brachium is proximal to the antebrachium.
Define Distal
a position in a limb that is farther from the point of attachment or the trunk of
the body.
Example of Distal
The crus is distal to the femur.
Define Superficial
a position closer to the surface of the body.
Example of Superficial
The skin is superficial to
the bones.
Define Deep
a position farther from the surface of the body.
Example of Deep
The brain is deep to the skull.
Define Anatomical Position
That of the body standing upright, with the feet at shoulder width and parallel, toes forward. The upper limbs are held out to each side, and the palms of the hands face forward.
Define Frontal Plane
Is the plane that divides the body or an organ into an anterior (front) portion and a posterior (rear) portion.
Another name for Frontal Plane?
The frontal plane is often referred to as a coronal plane. (“Corona” is Latin for “crown.”)
Define Sagittal Plane
is the plane that divides the body or an organ vertically into right
and left sides. a longitudinal section.
Define Midsagittal Plane
This vertical plane runs directly down the middle of the body,
Another name for Midsagittal?
Median Plane
Define Parasagittal Plane
Divides the body into unequal right and left sides
Another name for Parasagittal Plane?
Longitudinal Section
Define Transverse Plane
The plane that divides the body or organ horizontally into upper and lower portions. Produce images referred to as cross sections.
What are the two largest body compartments and their functions?
Ventral and Dorsal.
These cavities contain and protect delicate internal organs, and the ventral cavity allows for significant changes in the size and shape of the organs as they perform their functions. The lungs, heart, stomach, and intestines, for example, can expand and contract without distorting other tissues or disrupting the activity of nearby organs.
What compartment describes the posterior side of the body?
Dorsal
What compartment describes the anterior side of the body?
Ventral
What are the two subdivisions of the Dorsal cavity?
Cranial and Spinal cavity
What are the two subdivisions of the Ventral cavity?
Thoracic and Abdominopelvic cavity
What are the four subcomponents of the Thoracic cavity?
left and right pleural cavities, superior mediastinum, and the pericardial cavity within the mediastinum
What are the two subcomponents of the Abdominopelvic cavity?
abdominal and pelvic cavity
What are the functions and the major organs in the Integumentary system?
Hair, skin, and nails.
Encloses internal body structures and is the source of many sensory receptors.
What are the functions and the major organs in the Skeletal system?
Cartilage, bones, and joints.
Supports the body and enables movement
What are the functions and the major organs in the Muscular system?
Skeletal muscles and tendons.
Enables movement and helps maintain body temperature.
What are the functions and the major organs in the Nervous system?
Brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.
Detects and processes sensory information and activates bodily responses.
What are the functions and the major organs in the Endocrine system?
Pituitary gland, Thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, testes, and ovaries.
Secretes hormones and regulates bodily processes.
What are the functions and the major organs in the Cardiovascular system?
Heart and blood vessels.
Delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues and equalizes temperature in the body.
What are the functions and the major organs in the Lymphatic system?
Thymus, Lymph nodes, spleen, and lymphatic vessels.
Returns fluid to the blood and defends against pathogens.
What are the functions and the major organs in the Respiratory system?
Nasal passage, trachea, lungs.
Removes carbon dioxide from the body and delivers oxygen to blood.
What are the functions and the major organs in the Digestive system?
Stomach, liver, gallbladder, large intestine, and small intestine.
Processes food for use by the body and removes waste from undigested food.
What are the functions and the major organs in the Urinary system?
Kidneys and urinary bladder.
Controls water balance in the body and removes waste from the blood and excretes them.
What are the functions and the major organs in the Male reproductive system?
Epididymis and testes.
Produces sex hormones and gametes and delivers gametes to female
What are the functions and the major organs in the Female reproductive system?
Mammary glands, ovaries, and uterus.
Produces sex hormones and gametes, supports embryo/fetus until birth, and produces milk for infant
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth tiisue
What muscle tissue has voluntary movement?
Skeletal
What muscle tissue has involuntary movement?
Cardiac and Smooth
What muscle tissue striated?
Skeletel and Cardiac
What muscle tissue is non-striated?
Smooth
Describe what skeletal muscle tissue looks like
Long cylindrical fiber with many peripherally located nuceli
Describe what cardiac muscle tissue looks like
short, branched, single central nucleus
Describe what smooth muscle tissue looks like
shirt, spindled-shaped with single nucleus in each fiber
Where is skeletal muscle tissue located?
attached to bones and around entrance points to the body like mouth and anus.
Where is cardiac muscle tissue located?
The heart
Where is smooth muscle tissue located?
walls of major organs and passageways such as the stomach
What are the four categories of tissues?
muscle, nervous, epithelial, and connective tissue
What is the function of muscle tissue?
excitable; responds to stimulation and contracts to provide movement
What is the function of connective tissue?
binds the cells and organs together and supports, protects, and integrates all parts of the body
What is the function of nervous tissue?
excitable; allows the propagation of electrochemical signals in the form of nerve impulses that communicate between different regions of the body
What is the function of epithelial tissue, also known as the epithelium?
refers to the sheets of cells that covers exterior surfaces of the body, lines internal cavities and passageways, and forms certain glands
Where is nervous tissue located in the body?
brain, spinal cord, and nerves
Where is the epithelial tissue located in the body?
lining of GI tract organs and other hollow organs and skin surfaces (epidemis)
What is the name for the surface of the skin?
Epidemis
Where is the connective tissue located in the body?
fat and other soft padding tissue, bone and tendons
How are epithelial tissues classified?
by the cell shape and the number of cell layers formed
What are the three types of connective tissue?
proper, supportive, and fluid
How are connective tissues classified?
according to the characteristics of their ground substance and the types of fiber found within the matrix
What are the two types of proper connective tissue?
loose and dense
Define loose connective tissue
the fibers are loosely organized, leaving large spaces in between
Define dense connective tissue
reinforced by bundles of fiber that provide tensile strength, elasticity, and protection
Define supportive connective tissue
bone and cartilage; provide structure and strength to the body and protects soft tissue
Define fluid connective tissue
lymph and blood; various specialized cells circulate in a watery fluid containing salts, nutrients, and dissolved proteins
What are the three loose tissues?
areolar, adipose, reticular
What are the two dense tissues?
regular elastic and irregular elastic
What are the cartilage tissues?
hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage
What are the two types of bones?
compact and cancellous
Another name for the neuron cell body?
Soma
