Exam 1 A&P 2 Flashcards
The formed elements of blood include erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.
True
Granulocytes include: neutrophils, monocytes and basophils
false
Erythropoiesis is stimulated by EPO, which is produced by hypoxia (low oxygen)-sensing cells in the bone marrow.
false
Each hemoglobin molecule in a RBC can hold 4 molecules of oxygen
true
The Atrioventricular node (AV node) sets the pace for the rest of the heart.
false
The SA node electrically connects the atria to the ventricles.
false
cardiac output is regulated by stroke volume and heart rate.
true
The term blood pressure usually refers to pressure of large veins near the heart.
false
Action potentials associated with the intrinsic conduction system exhibit an unstable resting potential resulting in a near constant slow, self depolarization
true
Both short-term and long-term regulation of blood pressure can occur by hormones.
true
The three factors that determine resistance is a blood vessel are blood viscosity, blood vessel diameter and blood vessel contractility
false
Blood flows through the vessels of the body because it is always moving from the higher pressure to lower pressure.
true
platelet
cell fragment that plays a major role in blood clotting; derived from megakaraocytes
erythrocytes
carry oxygen throughout the body
lymphocytes
major cells that are involved with acquired immune response
eosinophils
contains enzymes that digest parasitic worms
monocytes
they differentiate into macrophages; agranulocytes
neutrophils
the most abundant WBC
blood pressure
the pressure that propels blood to tissue
stroke volume
the volume of blood pumped by each ventricle with each heart beat
cardiac output
amount of blood pumped the heart per minute
resistance
friction encountered by blood in blood vessels
diastolic pressure
the pressure when the ventricles relax
systolic pressure
the pressure at the peak of ventricular contraction
The funtions of blood include all of the following except:
A. Protection from blood loss or infection
B. Maintenance of body temp and tissue pH
C. Distribution of gases and nutrients
D. Secretion of hormones
D. secretion of hormones
Which of the following statements about erythrocytes (RBCs) in NOT true:
A. The hematocrit is the percent of blood volume that is comprised of red blood cells
B. RBCs arise from the lymphoid stem cell line
C. Erythropoiesis occurs in the red bone marrow
D. The biconcave shape of RBCs contributes to their gas exchange capacity
E. RBCs do not have a nucleus and are amitotic (i.e they don’t divide)
F. All are true statements
B. RBCs arise from the lymphoid stem cell line
Which of the following statements about hemostasis is NOT true:
A. The three steps of hemostasis are vascular spasm, platelet plug formation and coagulation
B. When bound to damaged blood vessels and activated, platelets release aggregating agents (agents that recruit more platelets)
C. Coagulation involves the activation of a cascade of 13 clotting factors
D. Undesirable clotting is normally prevented by the presence of anticoagulation in the blood
E. The three steps of coagulation culminate in the generation of a fibrin mesh which binds platelets together
F. All statements are true
F. all true statements
report to other slide
A. systemic B. right C. tricuspid D. right E. pulmonary semi-lunar F. pulmonary artery G. pulmonary H. Pulmonary veins I. left J. mitral K. left L. aortic semi-lunar
What purpose does the coronary circuit serve?
A. None; it is a vestigial set of vessels
B. It delivers a blood supply to the heart itself
C. It delivers blood to the anterior lung surface for gas exchange.
D. It feeds the anterior thoracic wall.
B. it delivers a blood supply to the heart muscle itself
Which of the following structures allows cardiac muscle cells to function as a single unit by allowing electrical impulses to spread from one cell to the next? A. Gap junctions B. Desmosomes C. Sarcoplasmic reticulum D. T Tubules E. Sarcomeres
A. gap junctions
Which of the following statements about the cardiac muscle contractions is NOT true?
A. Specialized cardiac muscle fibers, called autorhythmic cells, spontaneously depolarized and trigger action potentials that spread across the rest of the heart.
B. Depolarization in contractile cells is very fast due to influx of Na+ via fast voltage-gated channels4.
C. Cardiac muscle action potential exhibit a plateau phase due to influx of Ca2+.
D. Cardiac muscle cells exhibit a very short absolute refractory period
E. all statements are true
D. Cardiac muscle cells exhibit a very short absolute refractory period.
Which of the following structures in the heart typically depolarizes last?
A. Atrioventricular node
B. Atrioventricular bundle
C. Sinoatrial node
D. Subendocardial Conducting Network (Purkinje Fibers)
E. Bundle Branches
D. Subendocardial conducting network (purkinje fibers)
During what phase of the cardiac cycle do to the atria relax and the ventricles begin to contract? A. Isovolumentric relaxation B. Atrial systole C. Ventricular filling D. Ventricular systole
D. Ventricular systole
Which of the following statements about the structure of the blood vessels is NOT true:
A. The three walls of the blood vessels, from most superficial to deepest, are the tunica externa, tunica media, and tunica intima.
B. Elastic arteries are those that deliver blood to specific organs; they contain the most smooth muscle.
C. Veins typically have thinner walls that arties
D. Capillary walls may consist of only a single layer of endothelial cells
B. Elastic arteries are those that deliver blood to specific organs; they contain the most smooth muscle.
Which of the following statements about the capillary beds and the movements of the molecules through them is NOT true:
A. Blood flow into capillaries is regulated by the opening and closing of the precapillary sphincters.
B. Lipid soluble molecules, such as gases, move between the capillaries and interstitial fluid by diffusion
C. Low pressure in capillaries is important because too much pressure would rupture the fragile capillaries
D. With bulk flow, fluid tends to be forced out the capillaries at the venous end and pushed back in at the arterial end
D. With bulk flow, fluid tends to be forced out the capillaries at the venous end and pushed back in at the arterial end
Which of the following statements about the blood pressure and blood flow is NOT true:
A. Venous pressure is normally too low to promote adequate blood return, so additional means are required to return the blood to the heart
B. Arteries have greater blood pressure than veins
C. Blood flow is directly proportional to the difference in blood pressure between two points, thus if the change in the pressure increases, blood flow increases
D. Because of their small diameter, blood pressure is the highest in capillaries
A. Venous pressure is normally too low to promote adequate blood return, so additional means are required to return the blood to the heart
Mechanisms that regulate blood flow to tissues (tissue perfusion) include all of the following, except:
A. Levels of gases, nutrients or wastes products in a given tissue
B. The response of smooth muscle to its degree of stretch
C. The balance of vasoconstrictor and vasodilators (such as endothelium and nitric oxide) inside vessels
D. Temporary changes in the systemic blood pressure
E. All mechanisms above routinely regulate tissue perfusion
D. Temporary changes in the systemic blood pressure
What are the three main factors that regulate blood pressure?
A. Cardiac output, peripheral resistance and blood volume
B. Cardiac output, stroke volume and heart rate
C. Cardiac output peripheral resistance and stroke volume
D. Salty snacks, traffic and studying A&P 11
A.Cardiac output, peripheral resistance and blood volume
Which of the following factors is a long term regulator of blood pressure?
A. Neural controls such as baroreceptors and chemoreceptors
B. Regulation of blood volume by the kidneys
C. Hormonal controls such as ANP and ADH
B. Regulation of blood volume by the kidneys
Which of the following hormones acts as a vasodilator? A. Atrial Natriuretic Hormone B. Angiotensin 11 C. Antidiuretic hormone D. Aldosterone
A. Atrial natriuretic hormone
Which of the following statements about neural regulation of the cardiovascular system is not true:
A. The intrinsic conduction system sets the basic heart rhythm but it can be modified extrinsically by the autonomic nervous system
B. The sympathetic nervous system can increase both the rate of the heart contractions as well as the force of the contraction
C. The parasympathetic nervous system slows the heart by decreasing the rate of the impulses to the SA and AV nodes and heart wall
D. Neural controls (baroreceptors and chemoreceptors) help maintain adequate blood pressure by altering blood vessels diameters on a moment to moment basis.
E. All statements are true
E. All are true
decrease blood volume
decrease
increased stretch on baroreceptors
decrease
decreased O2 levels in the blood
increase
increased norepinephrine
increase
