Exam 1 Flashcards
Moore’s Law
perception that the number of transistors on a microchip doubles every two years, though the cost of computers is halved
Information system
to collect, process, store, and distribute information
Computer information system
systems that rely on computer hardware and software technology to collect, process, store and distribute didactical resources.
Abstract reasoning
fluid intelligence: our ability to quickly reason with information to solve new, unfamiliar problems, independent of any prior knowledge.
Systems thinking
holistic approach to analysis that focuses on the way that a system’s constituent parts interrelate and how systems work over time and within the context of larger systems.
Hierarchy of knowledge
Wisdom Intelligence Knowledge Information Data
Attributes of good information
Accessible Accurate Believable Complete Concise Consistently Represented Secure Timely
Hierarchy of data
Database Table Record Field Character Byte Bit
Field
holds a single fact or attribute of an entity.
Record
is a collection of related fields.
Database Management System
software package designed to define, manipulate, retrieve and manage data in a database.
Database processing
process of performing specific operations on a set of data or a database
Data dictionary
is a collection of names, definitions, and attributes about data elements that are being used or captured in a database, information system, or part of a research project.
SSD
a storage device containing nonvolatile flash memory, used in place of a hard disk because of its much greater speed.
RAM
is the super-fast and temporary data storage space that a computer needs to access right now or in the next few moments.
Network interface card
is a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a computer network
NIC
piece of computer hardware, used for connecting a computer to a network, either through cables or wirelessly
Packet switching
a mode of data transmission in which a message is broken into a number of parts which are sent independently, over whatever route is optimum for each packet, and reassembled at the destination.
VPN
an arrangement whereby a secure, apparently private network is achieved using encryption over a public network, typically the internet.
Local area network
a computer network that links devices within a building or group of adjacent buildings.
Wide area network
a computer network in which the computers connected may be far apart, generally having a radius of half a mile or more.
TCP/IP
a set of rules that governs the connection of computer systems to the internet.
IP address
Address that identifies a device on the internet or a local network
Domain name resolution
is the process of translating IP addresses to domain names
DNS
is a central part of the internet, providing a way to match names (a website you’re seeking) to numbers (the address for the website). Anything connected to the internet - laptops, tablets, mobile phones, websites - has an Internet Protocol (IP) address made up of numbers
Query
a precise request for information retrieval with database and information systems
Query language
is a specialized programming language for searching and changing the contents of a database
SQL
Lets you access and manipulate databases
Form
object that you can use to enter, edit, or display data from a table or a query
Cardinality
it’s the number of distinct values in a table column, relative to the number of rows in the table. Repeated values in the column don’t count.
M:1
. One row in table A relates to many rows in table B.
M:N
Many rows in table A relate to many rows in table B
Datasheet view
A view that displays data from a table, form, query, view, or stored procedure in a row-and-column format
Data mine
the process of finding anomalies, patterns and correlations within large data sets to predict outcomes
Competitive Rivalry
This looks at the number and strength of your competitors
Supplier Power.
This is determined by how easy it is for your suppliers to increase their prices
Buyer Power
Here, you ask yourself how easy it is for buyers to drive your prices down.
Threat of Substitution.
This refers to the likelihood of your customers finding a different way of doing what you do
Threat of New Entry
Your position can be affected by people’s ability to enter your market.
Value network
is a set of connections between organizations and/or individuals interacting with each other to benefit the entire group
Primary value activities
Inbound Logistics, Operations, Outbound Logistics, and service
Supporting activities
Firm Infra, HR/Mngmt, Tech dev, and procurement
Outbound logistics
process of storing, transporting and distributing goods to customers
Inbound logistics
the receiving and warehousing of raw materials, and their distribution to manufacturing as they are required
software suite
is a collection of computer programs — usually application software or programming software — of related functionality, often sharing a similar user interface and the ability to easily exchange data with each other
projecting
The action of including only some columns for output while retrieving data
data administrator
non-technical position responsible for defining and implementing consistent principles for setting data standards and data definitions that apply across all the databases in an organization
Structured Query Language (SQL)
is a special-purpose programming language for accessing and manipulating data stored in a relational database.
Group of answer choices
HADOOP
is an open-source software framework that includes several software modules that provide a means for storing and processing extremely large data sets
