Exam 1

Question 0

The temperature on Venus increased during its development because

Answer 0

Greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere trapped the heat.

Question 1

Mars has - atmosphere.

Answer 1

a very thin

Question 2

The Geosphere consists if three major layers the

Answer 2

Crust, mantle, and core.

Question 3

Oceans contain about

Answer 3

97.5% of earths water.

Question 4

Gradualism states that

Answer 4

Geologic change occurs over long periods of time by a sequence of almost imperceptible events.

Question 5

When an initial perturbation affects another component of the system, which amplifies the original effect, this is called

Answer 5

Feedback mechanism.

Question 6

A mineral is defined as

Answer 6

Naturally occurring, inorganic, solid.

Question 7

Which properties distinguish a particular mineral from all others?

Answer 7

Chemical composition and crystalline structure

Question 8

The four most abundant elements in earths crust are, in order of decreasing crustal abundance,

Answer 8

Oxygen O, silicon Si, aluminum Al, iron Fe.

Question 9

The chemical formula of quartz is

Answer 9

SiO2

Question 10

The smallest group of atoms making up the pattern of a crystal is called

Answer 10

Unit cell

Question 11

On Mohs’ scale of hardness, the diamond is

Answer 11

10

Question 12

Most common rock-forming minerals are

Answer 12

Silicates

Question 13

What type of minerals are calcite and dolomite?

Answer 13

Carbonates

Question 14

Gold and silver are examples of

Answer 14

Native elements

Question 15

Quartz is often used for

Answer 15

Glass making

Question 16

Rocks that have been changed from previously existing rocks through heat and pressure while in the solid state are

Answer 16

Metamorphic rocks

Question 17

Extrusive igneous rocks form when

Answer 17

Magma erupts and solidifies on the earths surface

Question 18

Granite and rhyolite are - igneous rocks

Answer 18

Felsic

Question 19

Which of the following igneous rocks has the same chemical composition as basalt?

Answer 19

Gabbro

Question 20

Clastic sedimentary rocks are formed by the process of

Answer 20

Deposition, compaction, and cementation

Question 21

Cross bedding

Answer 21

Forms in environments where wind or water transports and deposits sediment

Question 22

Which of the following rocks belongs to the group of clastic sedimentary rocks?

Answer 22

Sandstone

Question 23

Which of the following processes will cause metamorphism?

Answer 23

All of the above

Question 24

--occurs where hot magma intrudes cooler rock of any type.

Answer 24

Contact metamorphism

Question 25

The Permian extinction occurred at the end of the

Answer 25

Paleozoic era.

Question 26

Geologic evidence for the event at the end of the Cretaceous includes

Answer 26

An iridium rich layer

Question 27

Relative age measurement refers to

Answer 27

The order in which events occur

Question 28

A magmatic intrusion cutting through sedimentary layers

Answer 28

Must be younger than these sedimentary layers

Question 29

In an angular unconformity

Answer 29

The sediment layers below the unconformity are tilted

Question 30

Geologists establish the age relationship of rocks from different locations through the process of -

Answer 30

Correlation

Question 31

To be useful, an index fossil is produced by an organism species that

Answer 31

Existed for a short time

Question 32

A rock contains 12.5% of a parent isotope 87.5% daughter isotope. In the half-life of this isotope is 800 million years, the rock is - years old

Answer 32

2.4 billion

Question 33

Geologists have determined the earths age to be about

Answer 33

4.6 billion years

Question 34

Precambrian refers to all the time before the start of the

Answer 34

Phanerozoic Eon

Question 35

Mammals thrived on earth during the

Answer 35

Cenozoic era

Question 36

Hydrothermal vein deposits

Answer 36

Form when dissolved metals precipitate from water in a fracture in rock.

Question 37

In a placer deposit, gold settles out first when the stream current slows down because

Answer 37

Gold is denser than most other minerals

Question 38

Fossil fuels are

Answer 38

Formed from remains of plants and animals

Question 39

Petroleum migrates from the - into the -

Answer 39

Source rock, reservoir rock