Exam 1 Flashcards
The temperature on Venus increased during its development because
Greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere trapped the heat.
Mars has - atmosphere.
a very thin
The Geosphere consists if three major layers the
Crust, mantle, and core.
Oceans contain about
97.5% of earths water.
Gradualism states that
Geologic change occurs over long periods of time by a sequence of almost imperceptible events.
When an initial perturbation affects another component of the system, which amplifies the original effect, this is called
Feedback mechanism.
A mineral is defined as
Naturally occurring, inorganic, solid.
Which properties distinguish a particular mineral from all others?
Chemical composition and crystalline structure
The four most abundant elements in earths crust are, in order of decreasing crustal abundance,
Oxygen O, silicon Si, aluminum Al, iron Fe.
The chemical formula of quartz is
SiO2
The smallest group of atoms making up the pattern of a crystal is called
Unit cell
On Mohs’ scale of hardness, the diamond is
10
Most common rock-forming minerals are
Silicates
What type of minerals are calcite and dolomite?
Carbonates
Gold and silver are examples of
Native elements
Quartz is often used for
Glass making
Rocks that have been changed from previously existing rocks through heat and pressure while in the solid state are
Metamorphic rocks
Extrusive igneous rocks form when
Magma erupts and solidifies on the earths surface
Granite and rhyolite are - igneous rocks
Felsic
Which of the following igneous rocks has the same chemical composition as basalt?
Gabbro
Clastic sedimentary rocks are formed by the process of
Deposition, compaction, and cementation
Cross bedding
Forms in environments where wind or water transports and deposits sediment
Which of the following rocks belongs to the group of clastic sedimentary rocks?
Sandstone
Which of the following processes will cause metamorphism?
All of the above
–occurs where hot magma intrudes cooler rock of any type.
Contact metamorphism
The Permian extinction occurred at the end of the
Paleozoic era.
Geologic evidence for the event at the end of the Cretaceous includes
An iridium rich layer
Relative age measurement refers to
The order in which events occur
A magmatic intrusion cutting through sedimentary layers
Must be younger than these sedimentary layers
In an angular unconformity
The sediment layers below the unconformity are tilted
Geologists establish the age relationship of rocks from different locations through the process of -
Correlation
To be useful, an index fossil is produced by an organism species that
Existed for a short time
A rock contains 12.5% of a parent isotope 87.5% daughter isotope. In the half-life of this isotope is 800 million years, the rock is - years old
2.4 billion
Geologists have determined the earths age to be about
4.6 billion years
Precambrian refers to all the time before the start of the
Phanerozoic Eon
Mammals thrived on earth during the
Cenozoic era
Hydrothermal vein deposits
Form when dissolved metals precipitate from water in a fracture in rock.
In a placer deposit, gold settles out first when the stream current slows down because
Gold is denser than most other minerals
Fossil fuels are
Formed from remains of plants and animals
Petroleum migrates from the - into the -
Source rock, reservoir rock
