exam 1

Question 1

contrapposto

Answer 1

meaning “set against,” human figures with opposing alternations of tension and relaxation on either side of a central axis to give figures a sense of the potential for movement. One leg locked, one bent.

Question 2

perspective

Answer 2

technique which allows 3D space to be represented on a 2D surface
Vanishing point, orthogonals, recession of space

Question 3

vanishing point

Answer 3

In a perspective system, the point on the horizon line at which orthogonals meet. A complex system can have multiple vanishing points.

Question 4

orthogonal

Answer 4

Any line running back into the represented space of a picture perpendicular to the imagined picture plane.

Question 5

paganism

Answer 5

belief in false gods when referring to catholics in the 5th cent.. it refers (more simply) to the pantheon of Greco-Roman gods and goddesses. Eg Mars, Venus.

Question 6

Marsilio Ficino and Neoplatanism

Answer 6

Neoplatonism is a combination of paganism and christianity to create a deeper wisdom. mythology was real and true.
marsilio- father of Neoplatonism.

Question 7

Savonarola’s effect on art

Answer 7

he was a devout preacher believed that florence was getting to close to pagan art, and had a lot of it burned.
executed for heresy and burned at the stake.

Question 8

Lorenzo the Magnificent

Answer 8

late 15thc
patron of Michelangelo and Botticelli.
Died 1492.
LARGE contribution to the art world.

Question 9

Duke Sforza of Milan

Answer 9

patron of Leonardo Da Vinci.

commissioned last supper.

Question 10

paragone

Answer 10

a debate from the Italian Renaissance in which painting and sculpture (and to a degree, architecture) were each championed as superior to – and therefore distinct from – each other.

Question 11

sfumato

Answer 11

Italian term meaning “smoky,” soft, and mellow. In painting, the effect of haze in an image. Resembling the color of the atmosphere at dusk, sfumato gives a smoky effect.

Question 12

disegno vs colore

Answer 12

disegno (design or drawing) - florence believed this was essential. ex. Michelangelo.
colore (color) - venice believed this was essential. ex. Titian.

Question 13

Julius II

Answer 13

patron of Michelangelo for Sistine Ceiling

Question 14

ekphrasis

Answer 14

verbal description of a visual work of art

Question 15

metamorphosis

Answer 15

change/reformation.
the title of an important book by Ovid, which was used by many Renaissance artists.
a series of 7 paintings by Titian for Philip of Spain.

Question 16

Mehmed II

Answer 16

ottoman empire.
made Hagia Sophia into a mosque.
took Constantinople in 1453 and renamed it Istanbul.

Question 17

Suleiman the Magnificent

Answer 17

ottoman empire.
expanded Hagia Sophia, Istanbul.
Selimiye Mosque.

Question 18

Akbar Works

Answer 18

Akbarnama (Tales of Akbar) - about heroism of the ruler. Fatehpur Sikri,

Question 19

Shah Jahan

Answer 19

Taj Mahal - for his wife’s ashes. white marble, precious stones, garden.

Question 20

have christians and muslims always been in conflict?

Answer 20

NO
Detail of the interior of the so-called “d’Arenberg Basin,” Syria, c. 1240s, brass inlaid with silver – shows Christian saints

Question 21

gothic vs. renaissance

Answer 21

gothic - divine figures are frontal. elongated figures. hierarchy of scale. churches, cathedrals.
renaissance - deep understanding of the human body. grouping of figures. ex. Michelangelo, Leonardo.

Question 22

early vs. high renaissance

Answer 22

early - starting to use perspective. Brunelleschi, Donatello.
high - Michelangelo, Leonardo,

Question 23

Italian renaissance vs. islamic/indian/chinese art

Answer 23

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