exam 1

Question 1

Which hormone does the pancreas secrete as blood glucose rises in response to a carbohydrate rich meal? Which hormone would be secreted much later if blood glucose falls after a period of fasting?

Answer 1

insulin; glucagon

Question 2

The action of the proteins-sucrase, maltase, and lactase is:

Answer 2

to digest disaccharides in the small intestine

Question 3

In the human body, carbohydrate (glucose) may be found stored in the liver and muscle as:

Answer 3

Glycogen

Question 4

Amino acids have a central carbon with variable side groups attached that make them unique. What all amino acids have in common is the element:

Answer 4

Nitrogen

Question 5

An essential fatty acid typically found in abundance in the diet could be described as

Answer 5

linoleic- an omega - 6 fatty acid

Question 6

Complex polysaccharides are stored energy in plants. These plant polysaccharides are formed by long, often branching chains of this monosaccharide:

Answer 6

glucose

Question 7

A high fiber diet has the potential to contribute to fullness. This is due to:

Answer 7

fiber being resistant to the action of digestive enzymes

Question 8

Which of the following foods would most likely be limited to or absent from a low-carbohydrate diet?

Answer 8

Strawberries and Ice Cream

Question 9

A disaccharide such as lactose being split during digestion into two monosaccharides is an example of:

Answer 9

Hydrolysis

Question 10

Which of the following is a monosaccharide found in all three dietary disaccharides?

Answer 10

Glucose

Question 11

A high carbohydrate diet is more likely to be beneficial to a health when:

Answer 11

A high proportion of fiber is present

Question 12

Rice and beans both contain protein, although neither supplies optimal amounts of some essential amino acids. The amino acids that are in short supply are known as:

Answer 12

limiting amino acids

Question 13

The body can store a limited amount of energy as glucose. If carbohydrates (and calories) are supplied by the diet in excess of requirements, this excess may be stored as:

Answer 13

triglyceride

Question 14

Saturated fatty acids are characterized by:

Answer 14

lack of double bonds; solid at room temperature

Question 15

The ultimate goal of digestion and absorption of carbohydrate is to:

Answer 15

provide glucose to cells for energy

Question 16

Monosaccharides (and carbohydrates in general) are formed by these building block elements (atoms):

Answer 16

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 17

Which of the following is an important physiological function of phospholipids?

Answer 17

Being soluble in water and in fats (lipids)

Question 18

Which of the following is the lipoprotein with the greatest cholesterol content and is the most associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular disease?

Answer 18

LDL

Question 19

Of the following foods- which could place a nutrient claim of “cholesterol-free” on a label:

Answer 19

dark chocolate bar fried in peanut oil

Question 20

Cholesterol is considered an important compound in the body because:

Answer 20

it is a precursor for some vitamins, hormones, and bile acids

Question 21

spherical complexes of fat emulsified within the small bowel prior to absorption are:

Answer 21

Micelles

Question 22

Shortly (within hours) after consuming chicken wings, soda, and deep dish pizza at a Mardi Gras party, you would suspect that this type of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein is increasing in the bloodstream:

Answer 22

chylomicrons

Question 23

Which of the following are true regarding the lipid content of foods?

Answer 23

Omega-3 type fat/lipids can be found in fish

Question 24

A high proportion of added sugar in the diet may be detrimental to health due to:

Answer 24

excess calories may contribute to insulin resistance and diabetes.

Question 25

The problem of carrying fats/lipids in the watery bloodstream is solved by:

Answer 25

formation of lipoproteins

Question 26

The basic chemical structure of a triglyceride is described as:

Answer 26

Three fatty acids of variable length attached to glycerol

Question 27

Several important functions of lipids (fats_ in the body are:

Answer 27

insulation; protection of vital organs; cell membranes

Question 28

A person wishing to significantly increase intake of polyunsaturated fats should choose:

Answer 28

walnuts and olive oil

Question 29

A puzzled consumer is trying to choose a margarine product with potential health benefits. you might suggest checking the labels and ingredients and then select the best choice:

Answer 29

zero grams trans fat; added plant sterols

Question 30

Important benefits of protein/calorie supplements for undernourished children in developing areas include:

Answer 30

growth and more resistance to infectious disease

Question 31

To help digest proteins in the small intestine the pancreas must produce:

Answer 31

pancreatic protease

Question 32

The goal (or met result of) protein digestion is:

Answer 32

Splitting of proteins into individual amino acids

Question 33

Which of the following would be most important when protein intake and (calorie intake) is consistently high:

Answer 33

liver and kidneys with adequate function

Question 34

What first takes in the stomach before proteins can be further digested in the small intestine:

Answer 34

secretion of hydrochloric acid (HCL) to unfold the proteins

Question 35

Proteins that facilitate reactions while remaining unchanged are:

Answer 35

enzymes

Question 36

The bodys usual response to the presence of antigens is to synthesize this type of protein to defend against infection:

Answer 36

antibodies

Question 37

Protein intake is likely to exceed basic requirements in typical western diets. How is the body able to use the excess amino acids:

Answer 37

As fuel/energy- used immediately or stored as triglyceride

Question 38

A family member has just adopted a plant based diet (vegan). How will complementary proteins in this diet assure adequate protein intake:

Answer 38

All essential amino acids in sufficient quantity will be provided

Question 39

One feature of PEM (protein energy malnutrition) often seen in children is:

Answer 39

presence of edema; loss of muscle mass

Question 40

The process of producing glucose from amino acids is called:

Answer 40

gluconeogenesis

Question 41

The poverty-obesity paradox suggests that:

Answer 41

less expensive foods are more likely to be energy dense

Question 42

What is the protein RDA (g/kg/day) for healthy adults age 19 and up?

Answer 42

.8 g/kg

Question 43

Although carbohydrate accounts for about half of the calories consumed in a typical diet, the RDA for carbohydrate (130 grams) is based on which fuel requirement?

Answer 43

glucose needed by the brain

Question 44

If food intake is low and energy is needed for activity, which organ can hydrolyze and release stored glucose?

Answer 44

liver

Question 45

If food intake is inadequate (insufficient energy) and protein quality is poor, such as in the largely corn based diets in Malawi, how does the body react to provide essential amino acids?

Answer 45

by breaking down body proteins to release essential amino acids

Question 46

One important reason to focus on adequate dietary sources of omega 3 linolenic acid:

Answer 46

These essential fatty acids make other beneficial fatty acids (EPA/DHA)

Question 47

Individual amino acids are assembled into thousands of unique proteins with the help of these structures inside cells:

Answer 47

ribosomes