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Christian Heritage > Exam #1 > Flashcards

Exam #1 Flashcards

1
Q

The fall of Jerusalem occurred in what year? Name the Roman generals (a father and son combo) that led the charge.

A

AD 70; Vespasian (father) Titus (son)

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2
Q

There were at least two emperors famous for persecuting Christians. One in the first century and the other in the early part of the fourth century.

A

Emperor Nero (1st century) and Emperor Diocletian (early 4th century)

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3
Q

The passage Colossians 1:15-20 is in the form what genre? When was it written? What was its meaning?

A

lyric passage; 62 AD. It’s meaning is that the Christian community declares the centrality of Jesus in creation and in the death, looking back to Christ’s death and resurrection and forward to the restoration of all things

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4
Q

What were the 3 main standards for determining the canon or the books of the Bible?

A

Written by a disciple, written by someone who was influenced by a disciple, and had an apostolic message about Christ.

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5
Q

What early church heretic mentioned the earliest list of books that most closely represents the books of the Bible that we have today? What year?

A

Marcion; 144

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6
Q

The following statement was made by whom and in what year: “Follow the Bishop as Jesus Christ followed the Father.”

A

Ignatius; 112

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7
Q

Who wrote: “The blood of the martyrs is the seed of the church?” What was its significance?

A

Tertullian; blood was shed for the expansion of christianity

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8
Q

Which verse serves as the scriptural support for the foundation of papal authority in the Catholic Church?

A

Matthew 16:18

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9
Q

Which heresy claims that God revealed God’s self in three different and separate persons (costumes) so as to perform as a particular actor who carries out a specific action?

A

Modalists

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10
Q

What did the Edict of Milan (313) achieve?

A

Legalization of Christian faith and ended persecution within the Roman Empire.

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11
Q

The Council of Chalcedon was held in ____ and it dealt with which problem?

A

Constantinople; dealt with the coexistence of divinity and humanity of Jesus

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12
Q

Who was the famous Christian heretic that served as the center of controversy which led to the Council of Chalcedon and what did he believe about Mary?

A

Nestorius; He believed that Mary was not theotokos (bearer of God), but gave birth to human that took on divinity of God.

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13
Q

Who was the emperor who called the Council of Nicaea, which also radically changed the relationship between the church and state?

A

Constantine

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14
Q

Monarchianist’s theological perspectives favored what primary religious philosophical principle?

A

That God is one unit and not three, like the trinity states.

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15
Q

Which Bishop of Alexandria fought for the orthodox theological understanding at the Council of Chalcedon and what was his primary theological formulation?

A

Arius of Alexandria; Jesus existed in two natures: human and divinity.

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16
Q

What did the Apollinarian controversy propose about Jesus?

A

Jesus is one nature made up of flesh and divine intelligence

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17
Q

Who declared this truth, “What has not been assumed has not been healed?”

A

Gregory the Great

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18
Q

Name the controversial figures involved in the issues leading up to the Council of Chalcedon?

A

Apollinarius of Laodicea
Theodore of Mopsuestia
Eutyches
The Bishop of Rome

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19
Q

What is the significance of the Muratorian Canon and the general date?

A

It was an ancient list of New Testament books that set the example for the canon. The general date is AD 180 (200 yrs)

20
Q

Who was the first historically recognized Christian monk that served as inspiration to others?

A

Benedict of Nursia

21
Q

What document served as the organizational principle for monastic life in the Catholic Church system and influenced the entire monastic movement from 529-1500s?

A

Benedicts Rule

22
Q

Monasticism stressed which vows and practices?

A

Chastity, obedience, poverty, life of prayer, etc.

23
Q

What are some Biblical examples of the monastic way of life?

A

Matthew 19:21, 1 Corinthians 7, 1 Thess. 5:17

24
Q

Which female leader wrote a letter to the Pope encouraging him to return to Rome? Why was this so significant? ’

A

Catherine of Sienna; Significant because she advocated for the return of the papacy from the “babylonian captivity”

25
Q

What great Christian Reformer (mentioned in class) was a product of a monastery and which monastery?

A

Martin Luther; St. Augustine’s Monastery.

26
Q

The prophet of Islam, Mohammed, was born in ___________ and died roughly in ______?

A

570; 632

27
Q

King Charlemagne was crowned by the pope in _____ and this demonstrated what about the pope’s role?

A

800, Christmas day; Demonstrated a gain in power through Charlamagne.

28
Q

Which Pope ______ chose to be referred to as __________________ in a meeting with
the Pope of Constantinople? The Pope of Constantinople asked to be addressed by the title: Universal Patriarch.

A

Pope of Constantinople; Universal Patriarch

29
Q

The Great Schism occurred because of what key factors?

A

Refusal to place Roman Bishop on the list of Orthodox churches as well as Changes within the Nicean creed.

30
Q

The Great Schism or the division between the Eastern and Western Church occurred in what year?

A

1054

31
Q

The rapid spread of Islam between the 6th – 8th century directly affected and even indirectly led to what developments in the church and the church/ state?

A

Divided the Greek and Latin churches further apart, Roman Pope to look North for European Empire, Islamic presence forced church to move to the East.

32
Q

The phrase Trinity refers to “one substance existing in three persons as Father, Son and Holy Spirit,” and was coined by which early church father (textbook)?

A

Tertullian

33
Q

Henry III and Pope Leo IX were eager to deal with which internal church problems?

A

Simony and Celibacy amongst priests.

34
Q

In a dispute with the Emperor, who proclaimed that, “The emperor is in the church, not above it.”

A

St. Ambrose of Milan

35
Q

The first crusades resulted in the killings of what three groups of people?

A

Jews, Arab Christians, Muslims

36
Q

According to the textbook, what developments were absolutely essential to organizing, sustaining, and growing the church prior to the Council of Nicaea?

A

Mission, Vision, and Strategy

37
Q

The title of “Pope” was exclusively applied to and solely reserved for the Bishop of Rome beginning in what century?

A

11th Century

38
Q

The Great Schism involved the Papal delegate to Constantinople excommunicating the Eastern Patriarch of Constantinople, Michael Cerularius, and placing the papal bull declaring Cerularius’ excommunication in what church?

A

Hagia Sophia

39
Q

Which Pope proclaimed, “God wills the rescue of the Holy Land” and in what year?

A

Pope Urban II; 1095

40
Q

The Eastern and Western theological dispute over the procession of the Holy Spirit from God the Father “and from the Son” to human beings revolved around the phrase that was added to the Nicene Creed without calling a formal council in 589. What is the Latin word meaning, “and from the Son” that has been the center of controversy for centuries between the Eastern and Western church?

A

Filius

41
Q

The Latin Vulgate was translated by ________________and completed in what year? This Latin version of the Bible later became the official scriptures of the Catholic Church.

A

Jerome; 405

42
Q

What was the Christian heresy that focused on a special knowledge and claimed that that the God of the OT and NT were totally different? Who was its leading proponent?

A

Marcion Heresy (gnosticism/ docetism); Sebellius

43
Q

The Council of Chalcedon ultimately resolved that Jesus is ____________ existing ________________. Use Latin/ Greek / English phrases properly.

A

Human Divine; Ousia (essence/substance)

44
Q

What did the “medieval synthesis” represent between the church and society?

A

Cooperation of church and state? It represented a “middle ground” connecting the church and society. (not too sure)

45
Q

Identify the differences between Eastern and Western church’s THEOLOGICAL approach.

A

Viewed the trinity different; East holds 3 divine persons, West believes in one unity.
In Western theology, essence and person are identical in God, while East believes essence and person are distinct from each other.

Christian Heritage (2 decks)

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