Exam 1 Flashcards
Acoelomate
No coelom; no separate internal body cavity
Tripbloblastic
3 tissues:
1) Mesoderm
2) Endoderm
3) Ectoderm
Tiger Flatworm
Species name: Pseudoceros crozerri Phylum Platyhelmynthes From Bermuda 5cm in length max Feeds on orange sea squirts (Ecteinascidia turbinata)
Red Banded Coral Shrimp
Species name: Stenopus hispidus
From Bonaire in Caribbean
Cleaning shrimp
Hiding place found by 2 white antennae
Metazoa
Kingdom Animalia
Scientists have moved away from “kingdoms”
Protozoa
Basic, single-celled animal-like life
Refers to heterotrophic life forms
Used to refer to Phylum Protozoa; now it is realized protozoa describes several phyla, not a single phylum
Heterotrophic
Not able to make their own food; must capture food or energy through some method of consumption
Amoeba
One of the common protozoans to know
Pseudopodia protrude from central mass (round/blobby protrusions; round pseudopods)
Foraminiferans
One of the common protozoans to know
Able to make hard shells/cases
Shells known as tests:
- -Outer hard cases
- -Composed of CALCIUM CARBONATE
- -Perforated to allow CYTOPLASM to come through
String-like pseudopods
Plasmodium
One of the common protozoans to know
Genus that contains the malaria-causing protozoan
Paramecium
One of the common protozoans to know
Phylum Ciliophora
–Named for cilia found on these organisms
Look long and oval
TWO types of nuclei:
1) Macronucleus
2) Micronucleus
Covered w/ cilia
TWO types of vacuoles:
1) Contractile Vacuole
2) Food Vacuole
Most found in FRESHWATER
Reproduction:
Asexual (binary fission) or sexual (conjugation)
Contractile Vacuole
Attached to endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Purpose: OSMOREGULATION
- -Get rid of excess water
- -Maintain a balance of water inside the cell
Needed because it is found in freshwater
Food Vacuole
Brings in food
Binary Fission
Asexual reproduction
Split self into 2 organisms
Horizontally aligned
NO genetic recombination
Conjugation
Sexual reproduction
Vertically aligned
2 Paramecia come together
Active role of micronuclei
Only MICROnuclei go through meiosis
Evidence of a nucleus found about ___________ years ago
1.8 billion
White Cliffs of Dover
Composed of limestone or chalk
Accumulation of ancient foraminifera shells or tests deposited during the Cretaceous period
Compressed and uplifted over time
Many foraminifera tests cause the white color because they are composed of limestone or chalk
Very prominent landmark
Protozoa
Basic, single-celled animal-like life
Many forms:
- Amoaba
- Paramecium
Heterotrophic
Unable to make own food
Must capture food/energy through some method of consumption
Metazoa
Kingdom Animalia
Ameba
Pseudopodia protrude from central mass
- Round/blobby protrusions
- -Round pseudopods
Foraminiferans
Able to make hard shells/cases (tests)
Perforations in tests allow cytoplasm to come through
String-like extensions protrude from perforations
-String-like pseudopods
Plasmodium
Genus that contains malaria-causing protozoans
Paramecium
Phylum Ciliophora
-Named for cilia found on these organisms
Look LONG and OVAL
2 nuclei:
- Macronucleus
- Micronucleus
Covered in cilia
2 vacuoles:
- Contractile
- Food
Most in freshwater
- Solute less concentrated than Paramecium
- –Semi-permeable membrane (no contractile vacuole = burst organism)
Move with cilia
Pellicle: Outer surgace
Trichocysts: Defense mechanism (harpoon-like structure)
Reproduction:
- Binary Fission
- Conjugation
Binary Fission
Asexual reproduction
Split self into 2 organisms
Horizontally aligned (think of insects mating): Aligned on small portion
NO genetic recombination