EXAM #1 (8-25 → 9-8) Flashcards
what are the two patient identifiers?
patient name
date of birth
true/false
an identification band is placed on all inpatients and outpatients undergoing operative or invasive procedures
true
true/false
a patient must be asked to state their full name and date of birth
true
never ask if they are Mr. or Mrs. _____
what should you do to confirm patient identification when they are non-communicative or incapacitated
check the ID bracelet
what color is the no blood draw bracelet
red
what color is the allergy bracelet
yellow
what color is the fall risk bracelet
orange
what color is the photo sensitive braclet
black
what color is the DNR bracelet
blue/purple stars
what color is the wander bracelet
pink
what is medical asepsis?
involves a reduction in the number of infectious agents, which decreases the probability of infection but does not reduce it to zero
what is surgical asepsis?
procedure used to prevent contamination of microbes and endospores before, during, and after surgery using sterile technique
what procedures are commonly performed in imaging that require sterile technique
Angiography Image guided biopsies Line placements Myelograms Radiation seed implants
what is sterile draping
specific area where a tray or sterile towel (sterile drape) that is considered free of viable micro-organisms is placed
is a package sterile if it is wet?
no, packages are sterile if they’re clean and dry
if a package is already opened, is it considered sterile?
no, opened packages are unsterile
if the expiration period has passed on a blue-wrapped package, is it sterile?
no, packages past the expiration date are unsterile
what is homeostasis?
consistency
what are vital signs
body temperature
pulse rate
blood pressure
respiratory rate
[*] what is the 5th vital sign?
pain is often referred to as the 5th vital sign
what are the levels of alertness
AVPU
Alert
verbal stimuli
pain stimuli
unresponsive
vital signs are an indicator of the patient’s _____ to _____
or an _____ effect to _____
improvement of vital signs indicate that the treatment is having a _____ effect
vital signs are an indicator of the patient’s response to therapy
or an adverse effect to therapy
improvement of vital signs indicate that the treatment is having a positive effect
what is normal body temp in F° and C°
98.6°F
37°C
_____ plays an important role in maintaining body temp
hypothalamus plays an important role in maintaining body temp
the hypothalamus can initiate _____ _____ and _____ to dissipate body heat
or _____ to generate heat and __________ to conserve heat
the hypothalamus can initiate peripheral dialation and sweating to dissipate body heat
or shivering to generate heat and vasoconstriction to conserve heat
what are the five routes to measure core body heat
oral
axillary
tympanic (ear)
temporal
rectal
what does the body temp have to be to be considered hyperthermia
99.5°F
_____ may be medically induced to decrease metabolic demends
hypothermia
what is the major muscle of ventilation
diaphragm
what is inspiration
diaphragm contracts and causes expansion of chest (inhale)
what is expiration
relaxation of the diaphragm and returns chest to original position (exhale)
what is considered a respiration
inspiration and expiration
what is the normal respiratory rate of an adult
12-20 breaths per minute
how do you obtain respiratory rate
observing patient’s chest movement
true/false
you should keep your hand on the patient’s wrist after you complete counting pulse
true
what is tachypnea
respiratory rate greater than 20 breaths per minute
what is bradypnea
respiratory rate less than 12 breaths per minute
what is dyspnea
difficulty breathing
what is apnea
absence of spontaneous breathing
what is pulse
rapidity of each heart contraction and is recorded as the number of beats per minutes
when is pulse rate most accurate
when recorded for one minute
what is the normal adult pulse rate for an adult
60-100 beats per minute
where can pulse be palpated
superficial arteries
what are the four common sites for obtaining pulse
radial artery
brachial artery
carotid artery
apical (stethoscope on chest)
what is tachycardia
pulse rate greater than 100 beats per minute
what is bradycardia
pulse rate lower than 60 beats per minute
if no pulse can be found at the wrist, where else can it be accessed?
carotid artery
what is a pulse oximeter
what are the normal pulse rate values?
used to measure a patient’s pulse and oxygen saturation
(finger light device)
normal pulse values in a healthy person would be 95-100%
what is blood pressure
a measure of the force exerted by blood in the arterial walls during contraction and relaxation of the heart
what is systolic pressure
peak pressure during contraction of heart
what is diastolic pressure
pressure exerted on the vessel walls when the heart is relaxed
what are sphygmomanometer and stethoscopes used for
measuring blood pressure
what is the normal blood pressure in an adult for systolic and diastolic?
systolic =
what is the blood pressure for hypertension?
blood pressure above 140/90
what is the blood pressure for hypotension?
blood pressure below 95/60
which is usually more desirable? low or high blood pressure?
low blood pressure
how do you take a patient’s blood pressure?
have them sit or lie
arm should be supported at heart level
apply cuff over bare arm with bladder over brachial artery
inflate cuff
put stethoscope above cuff
deflate cuff
measurement
True / False
Many sterile trays/packages come commercially prepared and will have specific instructions for opening.
True
True / False
Sterile supplies can be added to an established sterile field
True
True / False
A 1 inch border around sterile drape is considered sterile
False; a 1 inch border around sterile drape is NOT considered sterile
[*] All fluids and medications added to a sterile field must be ______ with name of fluid/med, and dose
All fluids and medications added to a sterile field must be labeled with name of fluid/med, and dose
Anything below the surface of the table or level of the waist, as well as the undersurface of the drape, is considered _____; any items that falls below this level is considered _____
Anything below the surface of the table or level of the waist, as well as the undersurface of the drape, is considered unsterile; any items that falls below this level is considered unsterile
If a solution soaks through a sterile field to an unsterile field, the wet area can be _____
If a solution soaks through a sterile field to an unsterile field, the wet area can be redraped
what is an inpatient?
someone who has been admitted
what is an outpatient?
someone who has come to the hospital for diagnostic testing or treatment (scheduled appointments)
Quality care depends on accurate and timely _____
Quality care depends on accurate and timely communication
What is paralanguage
patients forming ideas from the pitch, stress, tone pauses, etc of your speech
What are the three types of touch
- Emotional support
- Emphasis
- Palpation - gentle use of fingertips
Ask permission before touching a patient and explain you are palpating for proper positioning
Ages of patients
Infants, toddlers, preschoolers, school-aged
Adolescents?
Young adults?
Middle-aged?
Mature Adults?
Adolescents (10-25 years)
Young adults (25-45 years)
Middle-aged (45-65 years)
Mature Adults (65 years and older)
Should you get on your knees for children to talk to them (pediatrics)?
yes
what is swaddling?
holding an infant closely with a blanket
when do kids begin to develop memories, ideas, and feelings?
12 months
TRIGGERED WHITE LAB COAT
Should you speak to toddlers with simple words?
yes
What is a toddler’s concept of time?
now, now, now
the future does not exist
When do kids begin to think logically
5-10 years
What is a primary concern for adolescents
body awareness and modesty
adolescent phase begins earlier for boys or girls?
girls
what is a middle adolescent?
between peer group influence and early sexual relationships
middle adolescents appreciate being treated like a(n) _____.
adult
what do late adolescents focus on
mature relationships with both sexes
financial dependency
what age range is considered young adult?
25-45 years
what age range is considered middle-aged
45-65 years
what age range is considered to be mature adult?
65+ years
what age range is considered to be young-old
health and active?
65-74 years
healthy and active
what age range is considered to be old-old
health and active?
75-84 years
transitional
what age range is considered to be oldest-old
health and active?
85+ years
frail and infirmed
What is the cardinal rule?
patience + respect
Who was that Swiss Psychiatrist who described the 5 stages of grief?
What are they?
Must they go in that order?
Does everyone reach acceptance?
Elisabeth Kubler-Ross
Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance
Different order for everyone, can return to or experience both at the same time
Not everyone reaches acceptance
What is the initial stage of grief for those who have received a diagnosis of a terminal illness?
denial
What stage of grief does someone go into, replacing denial?
anger
What is HCAHPS?
What does it stand for?
HCAHPS is a core set of questions to improve customer service and quality activities
Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems
What is the CG-CAHPS Survey?
Items within survey instrument measure patient’s perception of care including:
• Getting appointments and healthcare when needed
• Seeing provider within 15 minutes
• Timely test results
• How well doctors communicate
• Courtesy and helpfulness of office staff
• Recommending the provider office
• Overall rating of the doctor
Clinician and Group CAHPS
What is Value Based Purchasing (VBP)?
Healthcare organizations are being held accountable for the cost and quality of healthcare
Standardize Performance Measurement
Transparency and Public Reporting
Informed Choice
What is an infection?
Infection is the establishment and growth of a microorganism on or in a host
When the infection results in injury to the host, the host is said to have a disease.
Pathogenic microorganisms cause infectious disease
What are pathogens?
Can multiply in large numbers and cause an obstruction
Cause tissue damage
Secrete organic substances called exotoxins
What are the four types of pathogens?
bacteria
virus
fungi
parasites
what is ingression
body in contact with environment and gets exposed to pathogens
penetration of pathogens?
microorganisms invade past the epithelial barrier
first phase of microbe multiplication?
incubation period
chain of infection
4 things
For infections to be transmitted:
- Host
- Infectious organism
- Mode of transportation
- Reservoir
health care associated infection (nosocomial infections)
infection due to receiving health care
Iatrogenic Infection
An infection that results from intervention with a physician
Asepsis
no infection
sterilization
killing of all of it
antiseptics are applied _____
topically
WASH YO GOD DAMN HANDS
WASH EM GOOD
MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
self-actualization
esteem
love/belonging
safety
physiological
What are buffers
Activities that decrease the negative effects of stress but do not change the stressors
