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Biology 189 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Which of the following organelles is one of the main energy transformers of cells?

A

mitochondria

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2
Q

If you ran 15 miles, how many kilometers would that be? (1 km = 0.62)

A

24.2

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3
Q

Which of the following molecules contains both an amino group and a carboxyl group?

A

Amino acid

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4
Q

Passive transport usually moves molecules

A

in a direction that tends to bring about equilibrium

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5
Q

In addition to Bacteria, which other Doman of life is composed exclusively of prokaryotic organisms?

A

Archea

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6
Q

Proteins do not perform

A

Storage of hereditary information

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7
Q

Carboxyl group has the chemical formula

A

-COOH

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8
Q

Biologiocal membranes in a cell do not

A

compartmentalize prokaryotic cells

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9
Q

Hieracrchical organization on most inclusive to least

A

Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species

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10
Q

How do isotopes of the same element (e.g. carbon -12 and carbon - 14) differ from each other?

A

Number of neutrons

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11
Q

When placed in water, wilted plants lose their limpness because of

A

osmosis of water into the plant cells

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12
Q

The organelle that is primarily responsible for converting light energy and atmospheric carbon into organic compunds is the

A

chloroplast

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13
Q

Water is transported in plant tissues against gravity due to all of the following properties of water except

A

high specifc heat

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14
Q

Mitochondria, the energy- processing organelles in eukaryotic cells, have their own DNA, separate from that of the cell’s nucleus. What best explains the presence of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

A

An ancestral prokaryote engulfed and retained a separate energy-processing prokaryotic cell.

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15
Q

What is a trace element that is essential to humans?

A

Iron

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16
Q

Which level of protein structure relies solely on the formation of peptide bonds?

A

primary

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17
Q

What is the primary function of the e.r.?

A

It is the site of lipid synthesis within eukaryotic cells

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18
Q

What does the ability of an atom to react with another atom depend on the most?

A

Number of unpaired valence electrons

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19
Q

Which of the following properties of water plays an important role in regulating temperatures on Earth?

A

Water has a high specific heat

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20
Q

What maintains the tertiary structure of a protein?

A

Ionic bonds, peptide bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and hydrogen bonds

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21
Q

If it is 89 F, what is the temperature in C?

A

31.7

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22
Q

When placed into an isotonic solution, animal cells will

A

remain the same

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23
Q

How many milimeters would be equal to 36 inches? (1 in = 2.54 centimeters)

A

914.4

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24
Q

What are the basic “building blocks” of protein?

A

20 amino acids

25
Q

Charles Darwin’s observations that eventually led him to the idea of natural selection

A

Artifical selection is the only way to produce variatns within a population and overproduction leads to competition for resources

26
Q

Which of the following is indicated by the atomic mass of an atom?

A

Protons and neutrons

27
Q

What is the atomic number of an atom with 17 neutrons, 15 protons, and 15 electrons?

A

15

28
Q

What are atoms that have the same number of protons bu differ in their number of neutrons called?

A

isotopes

29
Q

The ability of some molecules to move thorugh biological membranes more easily than others is called

A

selective permebility

30
Q

Roles for fatty acids in living organisms

A

energy storage, membrance construction, and build blocks of fats

31
Q

If the temperature reaches 117 F in Vegas during the summer, what is the temp. in C

A

47.2

32
Q

Define exocytosis

A

secretion of macromolecules by fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane

33
Q

Your muscle cells need large amount of ATP to function. Which of the following organelles would you expect to be especially abundant in muscle cells?

A

Mitochondria

34
Q

If Kool-Aid man can fit 27 liters of cherry kool-aid, how many milliliters can he carry?

A

0.0027

35
Q

Polymers of polysaccharides (carbohydrates), nucleic acids and proteins can all be broken down into their monomers by which process?

A

The addition of water to each molecule (hydrolysis)

36
Q

Saturated fatty acids

A

are usually solid at room temp

37
Q

What would you expect to find in a eukaryotic cell, but not in a prokaryotic cell?

A

Golgi apparatus

38
Q

Cholesterol molecules act to

A

alter the fluidity of the plasma membrane

39
Q

A polypeptide can best be described as a

A

polymer consisting of many amino acids

40
Q

Which of the following would you expect to find in an animal cell, but not in a plant cell?

A

Lysosomes

41
Q

When a protein loses its 3-D shape it is said to be

A

Denatured

42
Q

Which type of bond results from an unequal sharing of electrons between atoms?

A

Covalent bonds

43
Q

Which type of organelle is primarily involved in receiving, storing, manufacturing, and shipping of cellular products?

A

Golgi apparatus

44
Q

An uncharged atom of boron has an atomic number of 5 and an atomic mass of 11. How many electrons does boron have?

A

5

45
Q

A shortage of phosphorus in the soil would make it especially difficult for a plant to manufacture which of the following macromolecules?

A

DNA

46
Q

A glucuse molecule is to a carbohydrate as an

A

amino acid is to a protein

47
Q

In the parietal cells of the stomach, the uptake of chloride ions by a cell is coupled to the transport of bicarbonate ions out of the cell. What type of transport is this?

A

Cotransport through an antiport

48
Q

Animal cells have communication junctions called gap junctions that are small holes in plasma membrane that allow adjacent cells to pass cytoplasm, small molecules, etc. What are the similar communication junctions in plants called?

A

Plasmodesmata

49
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of the rough ER?

A

ATP synthesis

50
Q

Which of the following is a property of carbon that makes its atoms compatible with a greater number of different elements than most other types of atoms?

A

Carbon has four valence electrons

51
Q

Although the fatty acids stearic acid and oleic acid have the same number of carbon atoms, they have different 3-d structures. Oleic acid has a slight bend in the middle because of a double bond. As a result,

A

a pure sample of olecic acid would be more liquid than a pure sample of stearic acid

52
Q

Which of the following are the most abundant molecules in a plasma membrane?

A

Phospholipids

53
Q

A cell has the following molecules and structures: DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, enzymes, and cytoplasm. It could be a cell from

A

any kind of organism

54
Q

the kinds of molecules that pass through a cell membrane most easily tend to be

A

small and hydrophobic

55
Q

when applying the scientific method, which is tested?

A

Hypothesis

56
Q

What are the four minor elements that make up approx. 4% of living matter?

A

phosphorous, potassium, sulfur, and calcium

57
Q

define resolving power

A

the minimum distance two objects can be from each other and still be distinguished as separate

58
Q

polysaccharide, monosaccharide, and disaccharide is in

A

Carbohydrate

59
Q

Changing the amino acid within a protein could change what about the protein

A

the primary structure, secondary, overall shape of the protein, and the function

Biology 189 (2 decks)

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