EXAM 1

Question 1

Statistics

Answer 1

the science of collecting, classifying, presenting, and interpreting data

Question 2

Data

Answer 2

the collection of numerical observations in a sample

Question 3

Data Analysis

Answer 3

the application of mathematical principles to events in the empirical world

Question 4

Measurement

Answer 4

the assignment of numbers to represent different levels or amounts of a variable

Question 5

What are the four scales of measurement?

Answer 5

nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio

Question 6

Nominal measurement

Answer 6

code, classify, and categorize our data

Question 7

Ordinal measurement

Answer 7

rank orders the data

Question 8

Interval measurement

Answer 8

equal units of measurement

Question 9

Ratio measurement

Answer 9

true 0 point

Question 10

Relative frequency

Answer 10

a proportion. proportion of subjects who had a specific core value

Question 11

Cumulative frequency

Answer 11

number of students who scored at or less than a specific score value

Question 12

Relative cumulative frequency

Answer 12

cumulative frequency divided by the sample size

Question 13

Descriptive Statistics include __________?

Answer 13

Frequency distributions, measures of central tendency, and measures of variability

Question 14

Measures of variability include ___________?

Answer 14

The range, Interquartile Range, and the variance

Question 15

What does it mean if a distribution of scores is HOMOGENOUS?

Answer 15

the scores vary just a little

Question 16

What does it mean if a distribution of scores is HETEROGENOUS?

Answer 16

the scores vary a lot

Question 17

Range

Answer 17

used with nominal or ordinal data; largest score (-) the smallest score

Question 18

Interquartile Range - IQR

Answer 18

divides the distribution into 4 equal sections “quartiles”. then we find the range for the “inner” two quartiles
(P75 - P25)

Question 19

Variance

Answer 19

how much do the scores deviate from each other?

Question 20

What are the types of variables?

Answer 20

dependent, and independent variables

Question 21

Dependent variables

Answer 21

variable that is measured

Question 22

Independent variables

Answer 22

variable that is manipulated. this variable causes change in the dependent variable

Question 23

The manipulation of independent variables is based on what?

Answer 23

Quality (levels differ in type), quantity (levels differ in amount), and presence/absence of IV (whether it is given or not)

Question 24

Between subjects/groups

Answer 24

each group of subjects receive only ONE level of the independent variable

Question 25

Within subjects/groups

Answer 25

each group of subjects receive ALL levels of the independent variable