Exam 1 Flashcards
(80 cards)
Prokaryotic cells divide by…
Binary Fission
Prokaryotic cells contain…
One circular chromosome
Cell division requires what 3 things?
Replication, segregation, and division of cytoplasm
Cell division is important for…
Reproduction, growth, wound healing, and replacing cells that die or are lost
How are bacterial chromosomes compacted?
DNA is compacted around SMC proteins to form loop domains
How are bacterial cells partitioned?
FtsZ proteins from a septum; septation
What genes regulate FtsZ proteins?
Kai A, B, C
During cell division in eukaryotes, what proteins are associated with the sister chromatids?
Kinetochore and cohesion proteins
What does a cohesion protein do?
Hold the sister chromatids together after DNA replication
What does a kinetochore protein do?
They are where microtubules attach during cell division
What is a centromere?
An area of repetitive DNA sequences; visible constriction on the chromosome
What is a telomere?
Repetitive sequences of DNA that protect the ends of chromosomes
What is associated with the shortening of telomeres?
Aging and disease
What enzyme maintains telomeres?
Telomerase
What charge does DNA have?
Negative
What charge do histone proteins have?
Positive
What do DNA and histone proteins come together to form?
Nucleosome
A nucleosome contains…
146 bp of DNA and 8 histone proteins
What do nucleosomes form?
Selenoids
When a cell is not actively dividing, DNA has a…
Lower level of compaction; the chromosomes are not visible under a microscope
When a cell is actively dividing, DNA is…
So compact it is visible under a microscope
What are the 5 main phases of the cell cycle?
G1, S, G2, M, and Cytokinesis
What is interphase?
G1, S, and G2 phases when the cell is metabolically active between nuclear divisions
The cell cycle is …. between …..
an oscillation
interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis