Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiological Psychology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Dorsal

A

Toward the top and back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ventral

A

Toward the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Anterior

A

Toward the front end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Posterior

A

Toward the rear end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Superior

A

Above another part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Inferior

A

Below another part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Lateral

A

Toward the side (away from the midline)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Medial

A

Toward the midline, away from the side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Proximal

A

Located close (approx) to the point or origin of attachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Distal

A

Located more distant from the point of origin or attachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ipsilateral

A

On the same side of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Contralateral

A

On the opposite side of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Coronal plane (frontal plane)

A

Shows brain structures as seen from the front

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Shows brain structures as seen from the side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Horizontal plane (traverse plane)

A

Shows brain structures as seen from above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

MYENcephalon “marrow brain”

Hindbrain “rhomboncephalon”

A

Medulla oblongata-heartbeat, respiration, vomiting, coughing, sneezing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

METENcephalon “afterbrain”

Hindbrain

A

Pons-arousal; dorsal raphé- SEROTONIN, locus coeruleus-NOREPINEPHERINE
Cerebellum (“little brain”)-balance, coordination, classical conditioning, associative learning, attention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

MESENcephalon “middle brain”

Midbrain

A

Tectum-roof over tegmentum, superior colliculus-vision, inferior colliculus-hearing, substantia nigra-DOPAMINE pathway for the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

DIENcephalon “between brain”

Forebrain “prosencephalon”

A

Thalamus-sensory relay, hypothalamus-feeding, fleeing, fighting, sexual behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

TELENcephalon “forward brain”

Forebrain “prosencephalon”

A

Cerebral cortex-information processing, basal ganglia-voluntary movement, limbic system-(olfactory ball-smell, hippocampus-declarative memory, amygdala-approach/avoidance behaviors, cingulate gyrus-emotion, learning, and memory)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Works with hypothalamus to release hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cerebral cortex-Degree of ungelation

A

Gyrus-Hills
Sulcus-Valleys
Fissures-Deep valleys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cerebral cortex meninges (membranes surrounding brain)

A

From birds-eye view:

  1. Dura mater-“tough mother” leathery first layer
  2. Arachnid mater-spider like from blood vessels
  3. Pia mater-lays on cortex surface, makes it look murky
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Two hemispheres attached by axons

Commissure means the left and right hemispheres connect-ex. anterior commissure, posterior commissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Lateralization

A

Left and right hemisphere have specialized functions

Nearly every behavior involves both sides, but activity may be greater in one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Planning of movements, recent memory, some aspects of emotions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Body sensations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Temporal lobe

A

hearing, advanced visual processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Prefrontal cortex

A

Judgement, planning, behavior based on social cues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Precentral gyrus (primary motor cortex)

A

Volitional movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Postcentral gyrus

A

Touch, stretch, space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Broca’s area (frontal lobe)

A

Motor component of speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Wernickie’s area (Intersection of parietal lobe and temporal lobe-left hemisphere only)

A

Understanding speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Neuroanatomical markers

A
  1. Longitudinal fissure-Line down the middle
  2. Lateral fissure-Separates temporal/frontal lobes
  3. Central sulcus-Separates frontal/parietal lobes
  4. Parieto-occipital sulcus-Separates parietal/occipital lobes
36
Q

Steps of an action potential

A
  1. Resting potential
  2. Action potential
  3. Refractory period
37
Q

Resting potential

A

Difference in voltage (negative inside, positive outside)

38
Q

The neuron’s membrane has selective permeability

A

Somethings can enter, others can’t

39
Q

Concentration gradient

A

Difference in distribution of ions across the membrane

40
Q

Any depolarization > or equal to the threshold

A

produces an action potential

41
Q

All-or-none law (ex. flushing a toilet-certain force required to make it actually flush)

A

Amplitude and velocity of an AP are independent of the intensity of the stimulus that initiated it

42
Q

The molecular basis of an action potential

A
  1. Na ions mostly outside the neuron, K ions mostly inside
  2. When the membrane is depolarized, Na and K voltage-gated ion channels open, Na rushes into the axon
  3. At the peak of the action potential, Na channels close
  4. K continues to leave the axon, returning the membrane to depolarization
43
Q

Hyperpolarization

A

Drops to -76 on it’s way to -70

44
Q

Sodium-Potassium pump

A

Forces 3 Na out and lets 2 K into the membrane (active transport=requires energy)

45
Q

Action potentials are

A

Messages sent by axons

46
Q

At the END of the neuron, Ca releases NT from vesicles to terminal bouton to synaptic gap. Three things can happen:

A
  1. Reuptake
  2. Diffuse away
  3. Attach to auto receptor
47
Q

Glia

A

Other components of the nervous system

48
Q

Several types of glia

A
  • Astrocytes
  • Oligodendrocytes
  • Schwann cells
  • Radial glia
49
Q

Astrocytes (star shaped)

A

Synchronize action potentials, act like sponges

50
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Create myelin sheath (brain and spinal cord)

51
Q

Schwann cells

A

Create myelin sheath in the periphery of the body

52
Q

Radial glia

A

Guide migration of neurons

53
Q

Blood-brain barrier

A

Keeps bacteria and viruses away, uses active transport.

What crosses? Fat-soluble/uncharged/small molecules

54
Q

EPSP (excitatory postsynaptic potential)

A

Some Na enters cell producing blips towards AP

55
Q

IPSP (inhibitory postsynaptic potential)

A

Inability to produce an AP for a period of time

56
Q

TEMPORAL summation

A

Close in time (Sherrington pinching the dog quickly) Impulses were summed

57
Q

SPATIAL summation

A

In the same location (Sherrington pinching the dog in the same spot)

58
Q

Ionotropic receptor

A

How an EPSP is created

Allows Na to enter the cell

59
Q

Metabotropic receptor

A

NTs bind and are more varied and slower

60
Q

Acetyl coenzyme A + Choline =

A

Acetylcholine: learning and memory, helps muscles contract

61
Q

Phenylalanine ->Tyrosine -> Dopa -> (catecholamines)

A

(All chemically similar) Dopamine -> Norepinephrine -> Epinephrine

62
Q

Tryptophan -> hydroxytryptophan -> (indolamines)

A

Serotonin and Melatonin

63
Q

Monoamines broken down into

A

Catecholamines (Dopamine, (Nor)epinephrine)

Indolamines (Serotonin, Melatonin)

64
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

heart rate, respiration, vomiting, coughing, sneezing

65
Q

Cerebellum

A

Balance, coordination, attention, classical conditioning, associative learning

66
Q

Pons

A

Arousal, sleep

67
Q

Superior colliculus

A

Vision

68
Q

Inferior colliculus

A

Hearing

69
Q

Thalamus

A

Sensory processing (except smell)

70
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Information processing (Four lobes-Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal)

71
Q

Cingulate gyrus

A

Emotion, learning, memory

72
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Connects the left and right hemisphere

73
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Food, fight, flight, finding a mate

74
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Releases hormones to circulatory system

75
Q

Ventricles

A

Create cerebro-spinal fluid

76
Q

Lobes

A

Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

77
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Planning of movements, recent memory, some aspects of emotion

78
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Body sensations

79
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Vision

80
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Hearing, advanced visual procession

81
Q

Longitudinal fissure

A

Separates the two hemispheres

82
Q

Central sulcui

A

Splits frontal and parietal lobes

83
Q

Lateral fissures

A

Separate temporal lobes from other lobes

84
Q

Parieto-occipital sulcus

A

Separates parietal and occipital lobes

85
Q

(before)PreCENTRAL gyrus=Primary motor cortex

A

Volitional movement

86
Q

(after)PostCENTRAL gyrus=Primary somatosensory cortex

A

Touch, stretch, space

87
Q

Prefrontal cortex

A

Judgement, planning, behavior based on social context,

Physiological Psychology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions