Exam 1 Flashcards
SOT chiropractic world of
Major Bertrand Dejarnette
Born in
Greenridge MO
Dec 23 1899
1913 dejarnette
Witnessed chiro parade down Brady St
1921
Enrolled at nebraska college of chiro in lincoln
Became a DO dearborn college of osteo in elgin, IL
1922
Grad from chiro coll
1924
Opens office in Neb City
June 18, 1925
Gets in trouble iwth NBCE for using modaliies
1929
Earliest writings on color therapy and vasomotor control
1930
Began teaching post-grad courses at Cleveland KS
1935
Offers 4 year post-grad course in SOT at LACC
1949
Appointed to NBCE
1954
ICA review of chiropractic
1958
Between 1937 and 1949
No new licenses issued
15 licenses in 31 years due to no cooperation between basic sciences board and chiro board
Beginning of the national board.
DeJarnette was on the first board
1963
First presdient of the national board
Ed Saunders
The Sacro Occipital Research Society International was formed in ___ by ___ in order to carry his work on after his retirement
1957
Dr. DeJarnette
Office in Nebraska City, NE
1924-1985
All I have done is to pull aside a curtain for further vision
William Garner Sutherland
1873 - 1954
The ___ is the highest known element in the human body
CSF
He who is able to reason will see that this great river of life must be tapped and the withering field irrigated at once, or the harvest of health is forever lost
AT Still - Philosophy of Osteopathy
CSF
Structure of SOT
Category system Cranial Extremities Ongoing research Chiropractic Manipulative Reflex Technique
Star
The three clinically interrelated categories of primary anatomy and physiology
Category I
CAtegory II
Category III
The primary cranio-sacral respiratory mechanism and it’s relationship to the nourishment and protection of the nervous system for whole-body functional coordination
Category I
How was the weight-bearing structure of the body communicates and operates within the demands of a gravitational environment
Category II
A sub-system of primary lumbar subluxation that threatens categories I and II by creating a pelvic and cranio-sacral distortions
CAtegory III
SOT uses the ___ system of patient classification
Category
SOT incorporates
Extremities, viscera and cranium into clinical picture
SOT uses pelvic wedges (blocks) for
Correction of many pelvic subluxation dysfunctions
SOT supplies order to
The myriad confusing methodologies in the profession (all the different techniques)
SOT is not designed or intended for clinicians who rely on
Rote memorization of a single method of analysis or correction
Normal dural function is
Essential to life and health
It underlies all of life’s processes and gives dynamism, form and substance to all of anatomy and physiology
Primary respiratory mechanism
Primary respiratory mechanism phases
Inhalation
Exhalation
Mechanism of primary respiratory mechanism
System composed of many parts that work together to create a whole, greater than the sum of the parts
It is the guiding principle; it is the inherent intelligence within
Primary respiratory mechanism
CSF pressure oscillations are not confined to
Hydrocephalic patients with raised intracranial pressure
Five components of the primary respiratory mechanism
- Inherent motility of the brain and cord
- CSF fluctuation
- Reciprocal tension shifting within the dura mater system
- Cranial motion (intra and inter bone)
- Sacro Iliac mobility
One function of sacro iliac joints is motion. This is compromised in
Category I patients
One function of sacro iliac joint is support to the spine. The sacrum is suspended between the ilia by interosseous sacro iliac ligaments. This support is compromised in
Category II patients
The pelvis develops sacro iliac weight-bearing ligamentous instability (hypermotion) in an effort to
Compensate for dural dysfunction
Interosseous S1 ligament weight bearing
Cat II
Sacroiliac boot joint
Cat 1
It is always considered that there is arelationship between ___ dysfunction and dural function
Lumbar disc
Most immediate anatomic-physiologic dysfunction
Category
Cranio sacral dural CSF/CNS dysfunction
Category I
Sacro iliac weight-bearing neuromusculoskeletal dysfunction
Category II
Lumbar discogenic dysfunction
Category III
Reactions to sustained stress
Clear - cat 1 - cat2 - cat 3
The onion successive layers of neuro-mechanical compensation
What does almost ALL chiropractic analysis have in common
Palpation (static an dmotion) Observation (spinal and whole body, including postural) Leg checks Muscle testing X-ray measurements Energetics
It’s all about output, the adjustment is all about
Input
Input affects
Output
Sense organs stimulated by movement of the body itself
Proprioceptors
General proprioceptors are found in
Skeletal muscles, tendons, and joints
Stimulated by tnesion which occurs when muscle is stretched and when it is contracted
Golgi organ in tendons
In skeletal muscle
Stimulated when muscle is stretched or shortened
Muscle spindle
Similar to those in the skin are found in deep connective tissue and around joints.
Pacinian corpuscles
Pacinian corpuscles are stimulated by
Pressure of surrounding structures when joints are moved
General proprioceptor end-organs may be linked with centres in ___ by a chain of 3 neurons
Cerebellum or
Parietal lobe of cerebral cortex
Proprioceptor impulses from head and neck muscles travel in
Cranial nerves from muscles of mastication)
Gracile nucleus
Fibers from lower limbs and lower trunk
Tertiary sensory neurons passes from
Thalamus - internal capsule - reach post central gyrus of parietal lobe
Where awareness of muscle and joint sense is appreciated
Parietal lobe post central gyrus
Cuneate nucleus
Fibers from upper limbs and trunk
Proprioceptor impulses travel from
Trunk and limbs in spinal nerves
Secondary neurons cross over to opposite side of brain stem in
Sensory decussation
The controlling centers in the motor cortex are linked by 2 neurons with the effector organs
The voluntary muscles
The motor nerve cells in the ___ send out messages which travel along their nerve fibers in the ____
Precentral gyrus
Internal capsule
Where most of the fibers cross to the other side and continue downwards in the lateral corticospinal tract
Medulla
Some fibers remain uncrossed in
Anterior corticospinal tract
Upper motor neurons synapse with cells in the _______ at various levels dependin gon muscles they are destined to supply
Anterior horn of spinal cord
The ___ of the lower motor neurons travel in the spinal nerves to the skeletal muscles of trunk and limbs
Axons
One side of the cerebral cortex controls activity of the muscles on the
Opposite side of body
Looking at the output
Distortion Rib head motion Mind language Stress tests Arm fossa test Cervical compaction test Heel tension
Only muscle you have to use constantly while standing
Gastroc
Soleus
Distortion analysis Cat 1
A-P sway
Probably due to decreased inhibition of postural muscle tone below the level of T6
Distortion analysis Cat 2
Lateral sway
Due to body’s effort to avoid sacro iliac weight-bearing on the dysfunctional side with compensations (hemisphericity)
Distortion analysis cat 3
Antalgia
Due to avoidance of pain (taking nerve root away from bulging disc
Laterally and forward flex the neck and raise the rib cage
Scalene muscles
1st rib head
Feeling for unilateral or bilateral 1st rib/T1 muscular hypermotion compensatory to CAt 1 or II
Cat I 1st rib head
Bilateral/symmetrical
Cat II 1st rib head
Unilateral/asymmetrical (pain on hypermobile side)
Stress testing cat 1
Deep inhalation or exhalation
Stress testing cat 2
Hop on one leg at a time (flat footed)
Stress testing cat III
Valsalvas
The testing procedures for muscle strength used by experienced clinicians in AK are
Reliable
Muscle testing high reliability for ___
High agreement for___
Low for ____
Piriformis
Pectoralis
Hamstrings and TFL
Future research reflect more accurately teh
Clinical practice of functional neurologic assessment
Manual assessment of muscular fucniton is used to identify
Changes associated with facilitation adn inhibition in response to hte introduction of sensory receptor-based stimuli.
Muscle testing responses to sensory stimulation of known value are compared with usually predictable patterns based on
Known neuroanatomy and neurophysiology, guiding the clinician to an understanding of the functional status of the patient’s nervous system
Mind language cat 1
PSIS test the arm
Mind language cat 2
L5 transverse, test arm
Mind language Cat3
Styloid fossa, test arm
Weakness on mind language will show up on
Both sides equally
Cerebellum’s diminished regulation over timed motor response
Contact on sartorius or rectus abdominus interferes with muscular compensation for the unstable pelvis, therefore the arm blows out
Correct fingertip contacts for arm foss
Female = 1” Male = 1.5”
45 subjects with weak arm fossa test
Divided into 3 groups cat 2 blocking, prone cat 1 blocking, no adjustments
86% of control group no adjustments
Remained unchanges
73% of cat 2 blocking group became negative
Weak arm fossa test
Cat 1 blocking group for weak arm fossa
Showed mixed response
29 asymptomatic 39 symptomatic (with L/S pain)
7 L/S ortho tests and AF test were evaluated for sensitivity specificity and diagnostic competncy
Only AF test and heel to buttock showed more positive in symptomatic vs asymptomatic
Harder with S-I force on cervical
Pelvic dysfunction
Easier with S-I force on cervical while raise legs
Cervical issue
Traction on achilles tendon will be tight in the presence of dural dysfunction.
Palpation of decreased inhibition of posterior postural muscles below T6
Dr. Thompson posteiror rocked ischium indicator
Since heel tension is usually found on
Cat 1 patients
Since Cat I patients have sacral dural dysfunction you could argue that heel tension is a
Sacral indicator
Sacral dural dysfunction
Loss of S/I synovial motion
