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PHY1020 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q 
"Smart Rocks" are considered for 
( ) geologic dating 
( ) ballistic missile defense 
( ) nuclear power 
( ) solar power
A

ballistic missile defense

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2
Q 
One watt is equivalent to: 
( ) one joule/sec 
( ) one coulomb/sec 
( ) one calorie/sec 
( ) one horsepower
A

one joule/sec

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3
Q

The asteroid that killed the dinosaurs exploded because
( ) it was made of explosive material
( ) it was made out of U-235
( ) it got very hot from the impact
( ) it didn’t explode. It knocked the Earth out of its normal orbit

A

it got very hot from the impact

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4
Q 
Kinetic energy can be measured in: 
( ) watts 
( ) calories 
( ) grams 
( ) amperes
A

calories

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5
Q

Which of the following statements is true?
( ) Energy is measured in joules and power is measured in calories
( ) Power is energy divided by time
( ) Batteries release energy but TNT releases power
( ) Power signifies a very large value of energy
( ) all of the above

A

Power is divided by time

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6
Q 
Next to each of these mark whether it is a unit of energy (E) or power (P) 
horsepower \_\_\_\_\_ 
kilowatt-hour \_\_\_\_\_ 
watt \_\_\_\_\_ 
calorie \_\_\_\_\_
A

P
E
P
E

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7
Q 
Hybrid vehicles run on: 
( ) electric and solar power 
( ) solar power and gasoline 
( ) electric power and gasoline 
( ) nuclear power and gasoline
A

Electric power and gasoline

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8
Q

What is the main reason that hydrogen-driven automobiles have not replaced gasoline ones?
( ) Hydrogen is too expensive
( ) Hydrogen is too difficult to store in an automobile
( ) Hydrogen is radioactive, and the public fears it
( ) Hydrogen mixed with air is explosive

A

Hydrogen is too difficult to store in an automobile

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9
Q 
Compared to an equal weight of gasoline, uranium-235 can deliver energy that is greater by a factor of (pick the closest) 
( ) 2200 
( ) 25,000 
( ) one million 
( ) one billion
A

one million

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10
Q 
Which of the following contains the most energy per gram? 
( ) TNT 
( ) chocolate chip cookies 
( ) battery 
( ) uranium
A

Chocolate chip cookies

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11
Q

Compare the energy in a kilogram of gasoline to that in a kilogram of flashlight batteries:
( ) the gasoline has about 400 times as much energy
( ) the gasoline has about 10 times as much energy
( ) the gasoline has about 70 times less energy
( ) they cannot be honestly compared, since one stores power and the other stores energy

A

The gasoline has about 10 times as much energy

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12
Q 
Which is least expensive---for the same energy delivered?
( ) coal
( ) gasoline
( ) natural gas
( ) AAA batteries
A

Coal

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13
Q 
The kinetic energy of a typical 1-gram meteor is approximately equal to the energy of 
( ) 10 grams of TNT 
( ) 150 grams of TNT 
( ) 1/100 grams of TNT 
( ) 10 grams of gasoline
A

150 grams of TNT

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14
Q 
Coal reserves in the United States are expected to last for
( ) hundreds of years
( ) three or four decades
( ) 72 years
( ) less than a decade
A

Hundreds of years

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15
Q

A limitation for all electric automobiles is
( ) low energy density per battery
( ) batteries explode more readily than gasoline
( ) electric energy is not useful for autos
( ) electric motors are less efficient than gasoline motors

A

Low energy density per battery

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16
Q 
Solar power is about (mark all that are correct): 
( ) 1 Watt per square meter 
( ) 1 kW per square meter 
( ) 1 megawatt per square km 
( ) 1 gigawatt per square km
A

1 kW per square meter

1 gigawatt per square km

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17
Q 
The efficiency of inexpensive solar cells is closest to 
( ) 1% 
( ) 12% 
( ) 65% 
( ) 100%
A

12%

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18
Q 
A human, running up stairs, can briefly use power of approximately 
( ) 0.01 horsepower 
( ) 0.1 horsepower 
( ) 0.2 horsepower 
( ) 1 horsepower
A

1 horsepower

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19
Q 
A 12-oz can of soft drink (not the "diet" or "lite" kind) contains about
( ) 10 Calories 
( ) 50 Calories 
( ) 150 Calories
( ) 2000 Calories
A

150 calories

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20
Q 
A large nuclear power plant delivers energy of about 
( ) 1 megawatt 
( ) 1 gigawatt 
( ) 100 gigawatts 
( ) 1000 gigawatts
A

1 gigawatt

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21
Q 
Electricity from a AAA battery costs the consumer about:
( ) 1 cent per kilowatt- hour
( ) 10 cent per kilowatt-hour
( ) $1 per kilowatt- hour
( ) $1000 per kilowatt- hour
A

$1000 per kilowatt-hour

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22
Q 
Electricity from a wall plug costs the consumer about
( ) 1 cent per kilowatt- hour
( ) 10 cent per kilowatt-hour
( ) $1 per kilowatt- hour
( ) $1000 per kilowatt- hour
A

10 cents per kilowatt hour

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23
Q 
The energy per gallon of liquid hydrogen, compared to gasoline, is about
( ) 3x less
( ) about the same
( ) 3x more
( ) 12x more
A

3x less

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24
Q

Most of the hydrogen we use in the US comes from
( ) pockets of hydrogen gas found underground
( ) hydrogen gas extracted from the atmosphere
( ) hydrogen produced in nuclear reactors
( ) it is manufactured from fossil fuels and/or water

A

it is manufactured from fossil fuels and/or water

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25
Q 
You have a 10 tungsten bulbs, and each uses 100 watts. You leave them all on for an hour. The energy used is
( ) 10 kilowatt-hours
( ) 1 kilowatt- hour
( ) 10 killowatts
( ) 1000 watts
A

1 kilowatt-hour

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26
Q

The kinetic energy of a bullet, per gram, is (within a factor of 2)
( ) about the same as the energy released from one gram of TNT
( ) about the same as the kinetic energy in a typical one gram meteor
( ) about the same as the energy released by one gram of chocolate chip cookies
( ) none of the above

A

none of the above

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27
Q 
If you double the energy content of a kilogram of gas, the temperature of the gas (measured on the absolute K scale): 
( ) is unchanged 
( ) increases by the square-root of 2 
( ) doubles 
( ) is multiplied by 4
A

doubles

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28
Q 
About how fast are molecules in air moving? 
( ) 1000 ft/s 
( ) the speed of light 
( ) 9.8 m/s 
( ) 9.8 cm/s
A

1000 ft/s

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29
Q 
Temperature is the measure of
( ) average momentum 
( ) average kinetic energy
( ) average velocity 
( ) average total energy
A

average kinetic energy

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30
Q 
In a bucket of water, the instantaneous speed of the molecules is closest to 
( ) zero, since they don't move 
( ) whatever speed the wood is moving 
( ) approximately 1.7 m/s 
( ) approximately 1000 ft/s 
( ) approximately 186,000 miles per sec
A

approximately 1000 ft/s

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31
Q 
A refrigerator operating in a room 
( ) warms the room 
( ) cools the room 
( ) has no effect on the room 
( ) removes water vapor from the room
A

warms the room

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32
Q 
A refrigerator with its door open is operating in a room. It
( ) warms the room 
( ) cools the room 
( ) has no effect on the room 
( ) removes water vapor from the room
A

warms the room

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33
Q 
A table has the same temperature as the air above it. That means that the molecules in the air and in the table have 
( ) The same average velocity 
( ) The same average energy 
( ) The same average acceleration 
( ) The same average mass
A

The same average energy

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34
Q 
Ice melts at 
( ) 0 K 
( ) 0 C 
( ) 0 F 
( ) 100 C
A

0 C

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35
Q 
A gas heater warms a room mostly through
( ) convection 
( ) conduction 
( ) radiation 
( ) depletion
A

Convection

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36
Q

The velocity of sound
( ) increases when the temperature increases
( ) decreases when the temperature increases
( ) depends on the pressure of the air
( ) is constant, independent of the temperature

A

Increases when the temperature increases.

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37
Q

If a gasoline engine produces a hotter explosion, then the efficiency of the engine should
( ) be the same
( ) go up
( ) go down

A

go up

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38
Q

A cup full of water made of plastic feels warmer than one made of glass because:
( ) plastic is warmed by water
( ) plastic conducts heat less than glass
( ) plastic conducts heat better than glass
( ) plastic dissolves in water

A

plastic conducts heat better than glass

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39
Q 
The atom with the fewest number of 
protons is 
( ) helium 
( ) carbon 
( ) hydrogen 
( ) oxygen
A

Hydrogen

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40
Q 
How many atoms are there if you move across a human hair? About 
( ) 25 
( ) 125,000 
( ) 273,000,000,000 
( ) 6 x 10^23
A

125,000

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41
Q 
The speed of sound is approximately 
( ) 1 foot per nanosecond 
( ) 1 foot per second 
( ) 1000 feet per second 
( ) 186,000 miles per hour
A

1000 feet per second

42
Q

Put hot glass in cool water. It shatters because
( ) it heats the surface water to boiling
( ) the outer surface of the glass contracts rapidly, but the inner part doesn’t
( ) the outer surface of the glass expands rapidly
( ) the rapid conduction of heat triggers strong vibrations

A

the outer surface of the glass contracts rapidly but the inner part doesnt

43
Q

Sea level is rising from global warming. The main cause is
( ) expanding sea water
( ) melting glaciers
( ) expanding rock under the sea
( ) contracting earth (while the water stays constant)

A

expanding sea water

44
Q 
The temperature warms by 2 C. That is 
approximately the same as 
( ) 1 F 
( ) 2 F 
( ) 4 F 
( ) 1/2 F
A

4 F

45
Q 
Heat a room using the least energy by
( ) burning natural gas (methane) 
( ) using natural gas to run a heat pump 
( ) burning coal 
( ) burning gasoline
using natural gas to run a heat pump
A

using natural gas to run a heat pump

46
Q

There is almost no hydrogen gas in the atmosphere because
( ) it escapes the earth’s gravity
( ) there is very little hydrogen in the oceans or land
( ) hydrogen molecules move slower than oxygen and nitrogen
( ) hydrogen has all sunk to the earth’s core

A

it escapes the earth’s gravity

47
Q 
At Mach 10, if all the energy of a meteorite went into heating it, its temperature would be about 
( ) 300 C 
( ) 6000 C 
( ) 30,000 C 
( ) 100,000 C
A

100,000 C

48
Q

The New Orleans levees failed because
( ) thermal expansion broke them
( ) they were made of continuous concrete that could not stand the pressure
( ) they had leaks at the thermal expansion joints
( ) they were weaker at the thermal expansion joints
they were weaker at the thermal expansion joints

A

They were weaker at the thermal expansion joints

49
Q 
If temperature rises by 5 C = 9 F, then the rise in sea level will be about 
( ) 2 inches 
( ) 4 feet 
( ) 12 feet 
( ) 97 feet
A

4 Feet

50
Q 
For a typical auto, the fraction of the 
gasoline energy wasted as heat is about (careful, this may be a trick question):
( ) 1% 
( ) 10% 
( ) 20% 
( ) 80%
A

80%

51
Q 
The temperature in the sun 
( ) is always hotter than in the shade 
( ) is always the same as in the shade 
( ) is sometimes cooler than in the shade 
( ) is not well defined
A

Is always the same as in the shade

52
Q 
When material is cooled 
( ) it stays the same size 
( ) it contracts 
( ) it expands 
( ) some materials contract and some expand
A

Some materials contract and some expand

53
Q 
The melting temperature of an object is usually 
( ) equal to its freezing point 
( ) higher than the freezing point 
( ) lower than the freezing point 
( ) equal to the boiling point
A

Equal to its freezing point

54
Q 
Absolute zero is the temperature of
( ) frozen water 
( ) the universe
( ) liquid helium 
( ) nothing
A

Nothing

55
Q 
When a liquid boils, the increase in volume (liquid to gas) is typically a factor of 
( ) 10 
( ) 100 
( ) 1000 
( ) 1,000,000
A

1000

56
Q 
If the temperature of a gas in a container goes from 0 C to 300 C, the pressure will 
( ) stay the same 
( ) double 
( ) become 300 times greater 
( ) become infinite
A

become 300 times greater

57
Q 
Firewalking is similar to 
( ) water on a saucepan 
( ) the space shuttle reentry 
( ) automobile air bag 
( ) water skiing
A

Water on a saucepan

58
Q 
For gasoline to explode, it requires 
( ) to be mixed with oxygen 
( ) to be mixed with nitrogen 
( ) to be mixed with carbon dioxide 
( ) no mixing needed; just a spark
A

to be mixed with oxygen

59
Q

To be more efficient, the temperature difference (between the ignited hot fuel and the cool part of the engine) should be
( ) as small as possible
( ) as large as possible
( ) it doesn’t matter

A

as large as possible

60
Q 
Heat flow through empty space (no atoms present)
( ) is impossible 
( ) occurs through conduction 
( ) occurs through convection 
( ) occurs through radiation
A

occurs through radiation

61
Q 
Entropy (optional topic) measures 
( ) heat 
( ) temperature
( ) disorder 
( ) energy
A

Disorder

62
Q 
Energy in the Sun is produced primarily by
( ) fossil fuels
( ) neutrinos
( ) fission
( ) fusion
A

Fusion

63
Q 
The mass of the nucleus is closet to
( ) 99% of that in the entire atom
( ) 1% of that in the atom
( ) 10^-5 of that in the atom
( ) 10^-15 of that in the atom
A

99% of that in the entire atom

64
Q 
Radioactivity in the Earth leads to
( ) energy for volcanos
( ) helium for toy balloons
( ) heat for geysers
( ) all of the above
A

all of the above

65
Q 
LD50 refers to a
( ) lethal dose
( ) legal dose
( ) large dose
( ) lowest dose
A

Lethal Dose

66
Q

A major reason that your body is radioactive is that
( ) it is slightly contaminated by debris from nuclear tests
( ) it is made radioactive by medical x-rays
( ) you can eat radioactive carbon in your food
( ) you are hit by neutrinos from the Sun

A

You can eat radioactive carbon in your food

67
Q 
The primary cause of death from the Hiroshima bomb was
( ) radiation-induced cancer
( ) the blast from the bomb
( ) fallout from the bomb
( ) smoking induced by fear of the bomb
A

The blast from the bomb

68
Q

Fission fragments are
( ) harmless particles emitted in radioactivity
( ) among the most dangerous kind of radiation
( ) ghost-like particles that pass through the Earth
( ) the source of most energy in the Sun

A

Among the most dangerous kind of radiation

69
Q

Wine made from fossil fuels is not radioactive because
( ) the radioactivity has decayed away
( ) there is no carbon in such wine
( ) ancient plants never were radioactive
( ) the half-life of the key elements is to long

A

the radioactivity has decayed away

70
Q

If the half-life of an element is big, that means that
( ) it decays faster than one with a small half-life
( ) it decays slower than one with a small half-life
( ) it belongs to a very heavy element
( ) it emits lots of neutrons when it decays

A

it decays slower than one with a small half life

71
Q

Muller wears a wristwatch with tritium in the watch hands because
( ) he is not worried about radioactivity
( ) tritium is not radioactive
( ) the levels of radiation that emerge are safe
( ) no radiation emerges from the watch hands

A

no radiation emerges from the watch hands

72
Q 
After three half-lives, the fraction of nuclei remaining is
( ) 1/2
( ) 1/3
( ) 1/4
( ) 1/8
A

1/8

73
Q

Most of the elements found on the earth were created
( ) in the first few million years of the Earth’s existence
( ) within a star
( ) in the Big Bang
( ) in a supernova

A

within a star

74
Q 
The fraction of the U.S. population that dies from cancer is typically
( ) about 1 in 10,000
( ) about 1 in 100
( ) about 1 in 5
( ) Most of us die from cancer
A

About 1 in 5

75
Q

Watch dials containing radium glow because
( ) all radioactivity creates light
( ) batteries supply energy when a button is pushed
( ) the radiation hits a phosphor
( ) They don’t glow. Only tritium glows.

A

The radiation hits a phosphor

76
Q 
Mark all the items that derive from radioactivity: 
( ) helium for children's balloons 
( ) volcanic lava 
( ) warmth in deep mines 
( ) most cancer in the United States
A
  • Helium for children’s balloons
  • volcanic lava
  • warmth in deep mines
77
Q 
After four half-lives, the surviving tritium atoms are removed. Compared to completely new tritium atoms, they are expected to live 
( ) 1/8 as long 
( ) 1/4 as long 
( ) 1/2 has long 
( ) exactly as long
A

Exactly as long

78
Q 
One rem of radiation dose takes how many gammas per square centimeter? 
( ) about 1 
( ) about 5000 
( ) about a million 
( ) about 2,000,000,000
A

about 2,000,000,000

79
Q

It takes a larger dose of radiation to cause
( ) radiation poisoning
( ) cancer
( ) they are very close in amount needed

A

Cancer

80
Q

The “linear hypothesis” is (mark all that are correct)
( ) known to be true
( ) widely used even though it is not proven
( ) known to be false
( ) generally ignored in analysis of radiation deaths

A

Widely used even though it is not proven

81
Q 
A Sievert is how many rem?
( ) 1 
( ) 0.01 
( ) 100
( ) 1000
A

100

82
Q 
Cancer is lower in Denver because 
( ) the radiation is lower 
( ) the radiation is higher 
( ) there are more gamma rays even though there are fewer betas 
( ) we don't know why
A

We DON’T know why

83
Q 
The number of deaths from the Chernobyl accident is about 
( ) less than 1 
( ) 4,000 
( ) 24,000 
( ) over a million
A

24,000

84
Q 
Radioactivity is used in 
( ) flashlights 
( ) TV screens 
( ) fluorescent lights 
( ) smoke detectors
A

Smoke Detectors

85
Q 
Neutron activation is used 
( ) to treat cancer 
( ) to search for rare atoms 
( ) to provide energy 
( ) to create light
A

To search for rare atoms

86
Q

Dirty bombs may be less of a threat than people fear, because
( ) once spread out, the rem level drops below the radiation illness threshold
( ) dirty bombs require plutonium, and that is hard for terrorists to obtain
( ) the radioactivity is too small to induce cancer
( ) the radiation does not actually get out of the bomb case, even when exploded

A

Once spread out, the rem level drops below the radiation illness threshold

87
Q 
Radioactivity in the Earth is responsible for
( ) helium we use in balloons
( ) warmth to keep the oceans liquid 
( ) creation of the oxygen we breathe 
( ) navigation of birds
A

Helium we use in balloons

88
Q 
Volcanic heat comes from 
( ) radioactive explosions 
( ) the weight of rock 
( ) accumulated sunlight 
( ) fusion deep in the earth
A

Radioactive explosions

89
Q 
The best way to measure the age of an ancient bone is
( ) potassium-argon dating 
( ) neutron activation 
( ) controlled thermonuclear fusion 
( ) radiocarbon dating
A

Radiocarbon dating

90
Q

An RTG (Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator) is
( ) a type of bomb
( ) used in hospitals for power
( ) carried in pacemakers to supply power
( ) carried in satellites for power

A

Carried in satellites for power

91
Q

Uranium is found on earth, even though it is radioactive. That’s because
( ) it is constantly made by cosmic rays
( ) it has a very long half-life
( ) it is created in fusion in the sun
( ) it is created by fusion in the earth

A

it has a very long half-life

92
Q 
Carbon-14, compared to carbon-12, 
( ) has more protons 
( ) has more neutrons 
( ) has more electrons 
( ) has a shorter half-life
A

Has more neutrons

93
Q 
Alexander Litvinenko was assassinated with
( ) plutonium
( ) tritium
( ) radium
( ) polonium
A

Polonium

94
Q

The radiation from cell phones
( ) does not cause cancer
( ) causes cancer, but not enough to worry
( ) causes over 1% of the cancer in those who use them
( ) protects users from cosmic rays

A

Does not cause cancer

95
Q 
The threshold for radiation illness is about
( ) 1 rem
( ) 100 rem
( ) 500 rem
( ) 2500 rem
A

100 Rem

96
Q 
The natural radioactivity (rate of nuclear decays) in a typical human body is closet to
( ) 0.2 per hour
( ) 12 per hour
( ) 12 per minute
( ) 4000 per second
A

4000 per second

97
Q 
The source of energy in the Sun is
( ) uranium chain reaction
( ) radioactivity of tritium
( ) fusion of hydrogen
( ) radioactivity of potassium-40
A

Fusion of hydrogen

98
Q 
Which of the following is most toxic per gram?
( ) arsenic
( ) Botox
( ) water
( ) plutonium
A

Botox

99
Q

The radioactivity from your own body
( ) does not cause cancer because it is natural
( ) is responsible for more than half of the cancer in humans
( ) does cause cancer, but at a very low rate
( ) helps reduce natural cancer, just as radiation therapy does

A

Does cause cancer, but at a very low rate

100
Q

Drinking alcohol is required to be radioactive because
( ) it proves that it is not made of petroleum
( ) it is healthier
( ) it shows that the alcohol was “aged”
( ) it is not required; just the opposite, alcohol for consumption must not be radioactive

A

It proves that it is not made of petroleum

PHY1020 (3 decks)

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