Exam 1

Question 1

Communication

Answer 1

The collaborative construction and negotiation of meaning between the self and others as it occurs within cultural context

Question 2

History of Communication

Answer 2

An attempt to capture what happened in the world of communication that brought us to the present moment, acknowledging that all histories are subjective, limited. and shared by power

Question 3

Greek Culture

Answer 3

Primarily and oral culture

Question 4

Classical Approach

Answer 4

Greeks and Romans

Prescriptive- people should persuade and be persuaded

Question 5

What was the role of civilization in the greeks?

Answer 5

They had to argue for themselves in a court of law, meaning they had to learn how to be effective speakers

Question 6

Sophists

Answer 6

Known to be the first public speaking teachers. “Teachers of Wisdom”

Question 7

Why were Sophists Controversial?

Answer 7

Leading Philosopher Plato thought what the sophists were advocating was manipulative and irresponsible. Meaning that using language to persuade was really a means of masking or altering the truth of a situation.

Question 8

Rhetoric

Answer 8

Defined by Aristotle as ‘Uncovering, in any given case, the available means of persuasion”

Question 9

Pathos, Ethos, and Logos

Answer 9

Techniques someone would be using to persuade us

Question 10

Pathos

Answer 10

Passions of the audience

Question 11

Ethos

Answer 11

Character of the speaker in the speech as spoken

Question 12

Logos

Answer 12

Word, Reason, Argument, Speech, Language

Question 13

Social Science of Communication

Answer 13

Early to mid 20th century
Studied Communication as an object
Science seeks to explain, predict, and control

Question 14

Interpersonal Communication

Answer 14

An exchange or interaction that occurs between people who are in an interdependent relationship

Question 15

Organizational Communication

Answer 15

Communication as constitutive of the stories, values, expectations, norms, languages, and roles of an organization

Question 16

Non-Verbal Communication

Answer 16

All models of communication except language, including nonword vocals, gestures, use of space, time, artifacts, and smell

Question 17

Instructional Communication

Answer 17

Communication in the: workplace, family, conflict, and computer-mediated communication in each emerged from a scientific approach of the study of interaction

Question 18

What persuades people?

Answer 18

Source Credibility

Fear Appeals

Question 19

Edward Bernays

Answer 19

Father of Public Relations

Question 20

Carl Hovland

Answer 20

1950; Yale University. Persuasion and attitude Change

Question 21

Shannon and Weaver

Answer 21

1963; The Mathematical Theory of Communication

Source-Message-Reciever

Question 22

Harold Lasswell

Answer 22

Hypodermic Events

Who (says) What (to) Whom (With) What effect (in) What channel

Question 23

Drawback of Social Scientific Approach?

Answer 23

Communication isn’t always an object

Question 24

Social Constructionism

Answer 24

Communication is viewed as a process; a messy enterprise we all engage in, searching for meaning in ourselves and in one another as we make our way trough the world

Question 25

Berger and Luckmann

Answer 25

1967; The Social Construction of Reality
Explored communication as a fluid, sometimes contradictory and complex process situated in social contexts, settings, or communities

Question 26

Objective Reality

Answer 26

The world we live in

Question 27

Subjective Reality

Answer 27

How we live in the world; Socialization, Conversation, Identity

Question 28

Critical/ Cultural Approach

Answer 28

Communication that reflects on and addresses power structures
Who can speak?
What you talk about?
When do you talk?

Question 29

1st Acxiom

Answer 29

You cannot not communicate

Question 30

2nd Acxiom

Answer 30

Any message contains a content and relational dimension

Question 31

Institutionalization

Answer 31

Habits and Customs that become standard over time

Question 32

Hegemony

Answer 32

Gromsci; Domination by Consent

Question 33

Paolo Freire

Answer 33

Pedagogy of the oppressed. Advocates a more democratic approach to instruction

Question 34

Praxis

Answer 34

Reflection on the world and how to change it

Question 35

Notion of Reflexivity

Answer 35

Think about how people will react

Question 36

“Banking Method”

Answer 36

Knowledge that is deposited into your mind

Question 37

Reflexivity

Answer 37

To consider your reflexes

Question 38

Reasoning

Answer 38

Important to maintaining your audiences trust and your own credibility as a speaker

Question 39

Inductive Reasoning

Answer 39

Synthetic Process that moves from particular observations to probable conclusions

Question 40

Deductive Reasoning

Answer 40

When someone makes a larger claim that must be supported through a series of hypothesis

Question 41

Toulmin Model

Answer 41

1958; Helps isolate the three parts of an effective model

1. Claim
2. Data (grounds for claim)
3. Warrant (link that justifies the claim

Question 42

Public Advocacy

Answer 42

Careful, thoughtful, responsible communication

Question 43

Counterarguement

Answer 43

The reasons a listener or reader may have for disagreeing with a given message

Question 44

Logical Fallacies

Answer 44

Errors in Reasoning

Question 45

Slippery Slope Reasoning

Answer 45

Common fallacy which suggests that if one event happens, then a whole serious of other increasingly terrible events will happen as well

Question 46

Ad Hominem Attacks

Answer 46

attack to the person rather than the argument

Question 47

Red Herring

Answer 47

When a speaker or writer distracts an audience from a flaw or a misstep in argumentation by making an observation that is unrelated or irrelevant