Exam 1 Flashcards
Define Forages
edible plant parts, other than separated grain, providing livestock/wildlife nutrients, or can be harvested for feeding
Define Grasslands
plant community in which grasses and/or legumes are the dominant vegitation
Define Concentrates
grain, meal, by-products
Define Hay
mechanically harvested, preserved by drying,stored for later feeding ex. loose -bales-stacks -windrows
Define Silage
preserved by anaerobic fermentation 60-70% moisture processed to insure good fermentation
Define Stover
Residue after grain harvest
Define Range
species include indigenous; predominantly grasses, forbs, and shrubs. None to minimal fencing. Usually no cultivation, extensive production (acre/cow), low inputs, managed as natural ecosystem
Define Pasture
species include indigenous, grasses, fobs, shrubs, and introduced.Smaller unites of fencing, cultivation is more common, production is intensive (cow/acre), some management including fertilization, irrigation, and re seeding
Define silvopasture
managed pastureland with tree production
Define morphology
Structure and arrangement of plant parts. growth habit and structure
What percentage of earth surface is grasslands?
25-30%
Define Structure
Form or shape of plant parts
Define legume
Member of the Favaceae family, can fix atmospheric nitrogen symbiotically with N fixing bacteria (Rhizobia)
Often seeded into pasture as important component to increase forage quality and yield
Define Plant Physiology
Processes and activities associated with functioning of a living plant
what is Prostrate?
lateral growth of stem allows shoot apex to be remained in near ground, thus protecting shoot tips by cutting or grazing
ex. white clover
Epigeal vs. Hypogeal
Epigeal: above ground emergence of cotlyedons, through sunlight cotyledons produce food for seeding by photosynthesis
Hypogeal: below ground emergence of cotlyedons, nodes are below ground so if young seedlings are cut or frosted back, regrowth for new buds takes place underground
Define photosynthesis
is a process by which plants produce simple sugar by utilizing sunlight atmospheric carbon dioxide
Define respiration
process by which plants oxidize sugars by utilizing oxygen to form lipids and proteins
True or false. animals have been domesticated for 10,000 years
True
where does photosynthesis occur?
Chloroplast in green cells, mainly in green leaves, some extent in green stems and fruits
What is the green color due to?
pigment called chlorophyll that absorbs radiation
T or F. All forages are either C3 or C4 plants
True
What type of Acids are formed by C3, C4, and Cam plants?
C3: three carbon acid 3-Phosphoglyceric acid (PGA)
C4: four carbon acid Oxaloacetic acid
Where does photosynthesis take place in a C3 plant? How does it happen? What enzyme is involved? (Cool Season)
Photosynthesis pathway is called Calvin-Benson pathway.
ribulose diphosphate carboxylase (called rubisco) is the enzyme involved.
Light Phase (temp independent)= photolsis+ photophospheylation
-Photolysis= traps light energy to accomplish water molecules into Hydrogen and oxygen
-Photophospheylation= oxygen is released as a gas and hydrogen is trap[ed by NADP. Then light energy to chemical energy is achieved by converting ADP to ATP
Dark Phase= Calvin cycle, greatly affected by temperature, is light independent
