Exam 1 Flashcards
state
an inhabited territorial entity controlled by a government that exercises sovereignty over its territory
nation-states
States whose populations share a sense of national identity, usually including language and culture
IGO
an organization whose members are state governments, like UN
NGO
a transnational group or entity that interacts with states, multinational corporations, other NGOs and IGOs
North-South gap
disparity in resources between developing and developed (industrialized) countries
realism
an approach to the international sphere that emphasizes power, self-help, balancing and anarchy
Power
ability or potential to influence others’ behavior: can be having inherent characteristics or can be relative
norms
shared expectations about what behavior is proper
soveriegnty
a state’s right to do what it wants within its borders
security dilemma
a situation in which states actions to ensure their own security are perceived as threats to the security of other states
hegemonic stability theory
regimes are the most effective when power in the international sphere is most concentrated, because that state acts as a sort of central government
NATO
US led military alliance (1949) to oppose and deter soviet power in Europe (combat Warsaw in 1955)
deterrence
the threat to punish another actor if it takes a certain negative action
compellence
the threat of force to make another actor take some action
interdependence
a political and economic situation in which two states are simultaneously dependent on each other for their well being
liberal institutionalism
an approach that stresses the importance of international institutions reducing the inherent conflict that realists assume in an international system
collective security
formation of a broad alliance of most major actors in an international system for the purpose of jointly opposing aggression by any actor
constructivism
a movement in IA theory that examines how changing international norms and actors’ identities help shape the content of state interest
postmodernism
an approach that denies the existence of a single fixed reality and pays special attention to texts–how people talk about a subject
marxism
a branch of socialism that emphasizes exploitation and class struggle and includes communism
difference feminism
there are important differences between men and women, although they may be more culturally created than biologically determined
liberal feminism
the differences between men and women are trivial
postmodern feminism
sex and gender are not the same thing; the leadership positions in IA tend to have a masculine gender identity
gender gap
women have a lower support on average than men for military actions
interest groups
coalitions of people who share a common interest in the outcome of some political issue and who organize themselves to try to influence the outcome
hegemonic war
war for control of the whole system
total war
war by one state waged to conquer and occupy another; the whole state is mobalized
limited war
military actions that seek objectives short of the surrender and occupation of the enemy
geurrilla war
war without front lines and with irregular forces operating in the midst of civilian populations
conflict
a difference in preferred outcomes in a bargaining situation
irredentism
a state’s desire to regain lost territory
balancing
attempts to increase state power by building up own military (internal balancing) or allying with others (external balancing)
institutional democratic peace
democratic system with checks and balances and need to maintain support from citizens makes it hard for chief executive to declare war
normative democratic peace
democracies have internal norms of peaceful conflict resolution ans when dealing with other democracies they choose to externalize those norms (because they believe they are shared)
common interest democratic peace
democracies have no need to fight with each other because they have similar interests
NSC
National Security Council (1786) John Bolton: considers national security, military and foreign policy matters
NEC
National Economic Council (1992) Larry Kudlow: aids with economic policy matters
DNI
Director of National Intelligence (post 2001) Dan Coats: relays daily intelligence reports to president
USTR
US trade representative (post 2001) Michael Froman: lead negotiator for opening trade
Defense
1947: combined all military branches, led by James Maddis
State
(original) deals with foreign affairs, led by Michael Pompeo
Treasury
(original) secretary is major US representative at international economic meetings
Justice
(original) contains FBI and have an international presence (through FBI and drug enforcement agency)
secession
to break away from an existing state
US-Japanese Security Treaty
A bilateral alliance between the United States and Japan, created in 1951 against the potential Soviet threat to Japan
