Exam 1

Question 1

state

Answer 1

an inhabited territorial entity controlled by a government that exercises sovereignty over its territory

Question 2

nation-states

Answer 2

States whose populations share a sense of national identity, usually including language and culture

Question 3

IGO

Answer 3

an organization whose members are state governments, like UN

Question 4

NGO

Answer 4

a transnational group or entity that interacts with states, multinational corporations, other NGOs and IGOs

Question 5

North-South gap

Answer 5

disparity in resources between developing and developed (industrialized) countries

Question 6

realism

Answer 6

an approach to the international sphere that emphasizes power, self-help, balancing and anarchy

Question 7

Power

Answer 7

ability or potential to influence others’ behavior: can be having inherent characteristics or can be relative

Question 8

norms

Answer 8

shared expectations about what behavior is proper

Question 9

soveriegnty

Answer 9

a state’s right to do what it wants within its borders

Question 10

security dilemma

Answer 10

a situation in which states actions to ensure their own security are perceived as threats to the security of other states

Question 11

hegemonic stability theory

Answer 11

regimes are the most effective when power in the international sphere is most concentrated, because that state acts as a sort of central government

Question 12

NATO

Answer 12

US led military alliance (1949) to oppose and deter soviet power in Europe (combat Warsaw in 1955)

Question 13

deterrence

Answer 13

the threat to punish another actor if it takes a certain negative action

Question 14

compellence

Answer 14

the threat of force to make another actor take some action

Question 15

interdependence

Answer 15

a political and economic situation in which two states are simultaneously dependent on each other for their well being

Question 16

liberal institutionalism

Answer 16

an approach that stresses the importance of international institutions reducing the inherent conflict that realists assume in an international system

Question 17

collective security

Answer 17

formation of a broad alliance of most major actors in an international system for the purpose of jointly opposing aggression by any actor

Question 18

constructivism

Answer 18

a movement in IA theory that examines how changing international norms and actors’ identities help shape the content of state interest

Question 19

postmodernism

Answer 19

an approach that denies the existence of a single fixed reality and pays special attention to texts–how people talk about a subject

Question 20

marxism

Answer 20

a branch of socialism that emphasizes exploitation and class struggle and includes communism

Question 21

difference feminism

Answer 21

there are important differences between men and women, although they may be more culturally created than biologically determined

Question 22

liberal feminism

Answer 22

the differences between men and women are trivial

Question 23

postmodern feminism

Answer 23

sex and gender are not the same thing; the leadership positions in IA tend to have a masculine gender identity

Question 24

gender gap

Answer 24

women have a lower support on average than men for military actions

Question 25

interest groups

Answer 25

coalitions of people who share a common interest in the outcome of some political issue and who organize themselves to try to influence the outcome

Question 26

hegemonic war

Answer 26

war for control of the whole system

Question 27

total war

Answer 27

war by one state waged to conquer and occupy another; the whole state is mobalized

Question 28

limited war

Answer 28

military actions that seek objectives short of the surrender and occupation of the enemy

Question 29

geurrilla war

Answer 29

war without front lines and with irregular forces operating in the midst of civilian populations

Question 30

conflict

Answer 30

a difference in preferred outcomes in a bargaining situation

Question 31

irredentism

Answer 31

a state’s desire to regain lost territory

Question 32

balancing

Answer 32

attempts to increase state power by building up own military (internal balancing) or allying with others (external balancing)

Question 33

institutional democratic peace

Answer 33

democratic system with checks and balances and need to maintain support from citizens makes it hard for chief executive to declare war

Question 34

normative democratic peace

Answer 34

democracies have internal norms of peaceful conflict resolution ans when dealing with other democracies they choose to externalize those norms (because they believe they are shared)

Question 35

common interest democratic peace

Answer 35

democracies have no need to fight with each other because they have similar interests

Question 36

NSC

Answer 36

National Security Council (1786) John Bolton: considers national security, military and foreign policy matters

Question 37

NEC

Answer 37

National Economic Council (1992) Larry Kudlow: aids with economic policy matters

Question 38

DNI

Answer 38

Director of National Intelligence (post 2001) Dan Coats: relays daily intelligence reports to president

Question 39

USTR

Answer 39

US trade representative (post 2001) Michael Froman: lead negotiator for opening trade

Question 40

Defense

Answer 40

1947: combined all military branches, led by James Maddis

Question 41

State

Answer 41

(original) deals with foreign affairs, led by Michael Pompeo

Question 42

Treasury

Answer 42

(original) secretary is major US representative at international economic meetings

Question 43

Justice

Answer 43

(original) contains FBI and have an international presence (through FBI and drug enforcement agency)

Question 44

secession

Answer 44

to break away from an existing state

Question 45

US-Japanese Security Treaty

Answer 45

A bilateral alliance between the United States and Japan, created in 1951 against the potential Soviet threat to Japan