Exam 1 Flashcards
What is the function of ribosomes?
They produce proteins using RNA template. (Protein synthesis)
What is ATP?
- cell’s energy currency
- energy supplying molecule
- important for storing excess energy
What is Kinetic energy?
- energy associated with objects in motion
What is potential energy?
- the type of energy that refers to the potential to do work, such as lifting
What is hypotonic?
- lower concentration on the outside of cell
- water enters the cell
What is hypertonic?
- higher concentration outside cell
- water leaves cell
What is isotonic?
- concentration is the same on the inside and outside of the cell
- there is no movement of water into or out of the cell
What are two organelles/structures that all cells contain?
- plasma/cell membrane
- cytoskeleton
What are two organelles/structures specific to plants?
- cell wall
- chloroplast
What is the cell theory? What are the key principles?
- all things are composed of one or more cells
- the cell is the basic unit of life
- all new cells arise of existing cells
What is a denaturation?
- the loss of shape in a protein as a result of changes in temperature, pH, or exposure to chemicals
What are characteristics shared by all living organisms?
Order, homeostasis, acquiring energy from an environment, growth and development, populations evolve over time (adaption), response to environmental stimuli, reproduction, regulation
What is an atom?
- Smallest unit of element
What is an atomic number?
- number of protons
What are ionic bonds?
- bonds formed by the transfer of elections between atoms
What are covalent bonds?
- bond created by the sharing of elections
What are hydrogen bonds?
- attraction between partial charges
- much weaker than covalent bonds
- much more prevalent than covalent bonds
What is cohesion?
- water molecules stick together
What happens to molecules when water is frozen?
- molecules move apart
- chunk of ice has fewer molecules than equal volume of liquid water
What is the solvent of life?
Water
What is a dissolving agent?
- solvent
What is a dissolved substance?
- solute
What are four classes (macro) molecules in living system?
- carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids
What are monomers?
Individual units of a macromolecule
What are polymers?
- chains of monomers of bonded together
Carbohydrates?
- sugars: used to store and release energy
