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Bio 1220 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Characteristics of living things

A

Everything is made of cells, reproduction, evolution, information, energy (acquire and use)

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2
Q

Framework theories for biology

A

Cell theory- prexisting cells

Evolution theory- Darwin, diversity in life

Chromosome theory of inheritance- transmitted thru DNA and genes

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3
Q

Theory

A

Explanation for phenomena (why) supported by lrg body of evidence

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4
Q

Scientific method

A 
Observations
Hypothesis formation
Prediction
Experimentation
Conclusion
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5
Q

Double blind

A

Participants and administering participant scientist doesn’t know which is control/ placebo

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6
Q

Independent variable

A

One group gets the Med and one doesn’t

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7
Q

Dependent variable

A

Responding variable

Should change in response to independent variable

Scientist doesn’t control

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8
Q

Hypothesis is a…

A

Testable Statement not a question

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9
Q

Cell theory

A

Cells from prexisting cells and all living things made of cells

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10
Q

Louis Pasteur experiment

A

Cells from prexisting cells and not from spontaneous generation

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11
Q

Diversity of life is…

A

Change in population over time

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12
Q

Population

A

Group of individuals in the same place, same time, same area

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13
Q

Natural selection

A

A mechanism to explain evolution

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14
Q

Result of evolution by natural selection is

A

Only one mechanism that can result in evolution

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15
Q

Evolution via natural selection leads to…

A

A more adapted population

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16
Q

Selection favors…

A

Favor phenotype with the greatest fitness

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17
Q

Fitness is dependent on (relative to)

A

Environment

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18
Q

What drives natural selection?

A

Adaptation and fitness

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19
Q

Adaptation

A

A trait that increases fitness in a particular environment

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20
Q

Mechanisms of evolution

A 
Selection
Mutation
Gene flow
Genetic drift
Non random mating
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21
Q

Genetic drift

A

Chance event takes out an entire group of the population

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22
Q

Gene flow

A

Migration/ immigration leads to better adapted phenotypes

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23
Q

Non random mating

A

Midgets breed with midgets or giraffes breeding with long neck giraffes

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24
Q

DNA, gene, chromosome connected how?

A

DNA on genes on chromosomes

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25
Q

Gene

A

Section of DNA that coded for a protein

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26
Q

Chromosome theory of inheritance questions

A
  • what is the source of heritable variation in traits?

- how is info stored, transmitted from one generation to the next?

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27
Q

Central dogma describes…

Example…

A

Describes the flow of info in a cell

DNA codes for rna that code for proteins

28
Q

Two fundamental nutritional needs of organisms…

A

Acquire chemical energy aka atp

Obtain molecules that can be used to make DNA, rna, protein, etc

29
Q

Tree of life incorporates ________ theories

A

Cell, inheritance and evolution

30
Q

The tree of life is…

A

A family tree of organisms that describes genealogical relationships slung species with a single ancestral species at the base

31
Q

Tree of life shows that all species… and ….

A

Come from prexisting species

Can be traced to a single common ancestry

32
Q

Phylogeny

A

Actual genealogical relationships among all organisms

Helps determine who is most related genetically

33
Q

How are scientists able to organize species on a tree of of life?

A

Comparing DNA and rna

34
Q

Two major groups of tree of life

A

Prokaryote and eukaryote

35
Q

Eukaryotic (unlikely prokaryote) have/ are…

A

Membrane bound nucleus

More organized

Can do more complex tasks

Multiple things can happen at the same time

Usually larger

36
Q

Two main groups of prokaryotes

A

Bacteria and archaea

37
Q

Unicellular eukaryotes

A

Algae protist yeast

38
Q

4 main chemical elements of living things

A

Carbon
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
Oxygen

39
Q

_
_ He

  • what number is above and what number is below
A
  • mass number above

- atomic number/ proton number

40
Q

Isotopes that are unstable…

A

Can decay aka be radioactive that give off energy in the form of rays and subatomic particles this can be helpful or harmful

41
Q

Oxygen period and group

A

Period: 2

Group 6

42
Q

Solute/ solvent

A

Solvent is water

Solute is salt (solute toot)

43
Q

Water is an efficient solvent because….

A

Hydrogen bonding

44
Q

What happens when hydrophobic molecule is in water…

A

Hydrophobic molecules form a cage

45
Q

Properties of water’s structure…

A

Small
Bent
Polar covalent bonds
Overall polarity

46
Q

Properties of water

A 
Adhesion
Cohesion
Surface tension
Denser liquid than a solid
High specific heat (absorbs a lot of energy)
Good acid base reactant
47
Q

High surface tension because of…

Don’t say h bond

A

Cohesion

48
Q

Cohesion

A

From h bonds

Binding between LIKE molecules

49
Q

Adhesion

A

Waters ability to bind with unlike molecules

50
Q

Water as a denser liquid allows for…

A

Sea life at bottom of ocean to stay alive

51
Q

Specific heat is

A

Amount of heat need to raise temp of 1 gram of a substance

More energy needed to raise temp helps maintain homeostasis

52
Q

Heat of vaporization

A

Energy required to change 1 gram of a substance from liquid to a gas

53
Q

In acid base rxn water dissociates into

A

Hydrogen ions (as hydronium)

Hydroxide ions

54
Q

Acids are

A

Substances that give up protons during chemical rxn and raise hydronium concentrations

55
Q

Bases are

A

Are substances that acquire protons during a rxn and lower hydronium concentration

56
Q

Ph measures

A

H+ concentration in a solution

57
Q

Ph from 5 to 4

Ph from 10 to 8

A

10x more acidic aka 10x more hydrogen ions

100x more basic aka 100X less hydrogen ions

58
Q

Blood ph leads to alkalosis or acidosis with how much ph change

A
  • /+ .4

7. 0-7.8

59
Q

Buffers contain…

And help…

A

Acid-base pair that reversible (in a chemical reaction) combines with H+

Maintain homeostasis

60
Q

Common buffer in humans

A

Carbonic acid (weak acid)

61
Q

Organic compounds are…

A

Molecules that contain carbon bonded to other elements

Carbon is most versatile element on earth because of single double trple bonds

62
Q

Amino groups attract ___ and act as ____

And look like…

A

Proton

Base

Nh2

63
Q

Carboxyl groups ____ and act as a ___

And look like…

A

Drop a proton

Act as an acid

Cooh

64
Q

Carbonyl groups….

What does it look like…

A

Have sites that link molecules into more complex compounds

C=o

65
Q

Sulfuhydryl

A

S-h form kinks and bridges via disulfide bonds

Bio 1220 (2 decks)

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