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Bio 1220 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of living things

A

Everything is made of cells, reproduction, evolution, information, energy (acquire and use)

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2
Q

Framework theories for biology

A

Cell theory- prexisting cells

Evolution theory- Darwin, diversity in life

Chromosome theory of inheritance- transmitted thru DNA and genes

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3
Q

Theory

A

Explanation for phenomena (why) supported by lrg body of evidence

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4
Q

Scientific method

A 
Observations
Hypothesis formation
Prediction
Experimentation
Conclusion
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5
Q

Double blind

A

Participants and administering participant scientist doesn’t know which is control/ placebo

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6
Q

Independent variable

A

One group gets the Med and one doesn’t

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7
Q

Dependent variable

A

Responding variable

Should change in response to independent variable

Scientist doesn’t control

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8
Q

Hypothesis is a…

A

Testable Statement not a question

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9
Q

Cell theory

A

Cells from prexisting cells and all living things made of cells

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10
Q

Louis Pasteur experiment

A

Cells from prexisting cells and not from spontaneous generation

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11
Q

Diversity of life is…

A

Change in population over time

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12
Q

Population

A

Group of individuals in the same place, same time, same area

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13
Q

Natural selection

A

A mechanism to explain evolution

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14
Q

Result of evolution by natural selection is

A

Only one mechanism that can result in evolution

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15
Q

Evolution via natural selection leads to…

A

A more adapted population

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16
Q

Selection favors…

A

Favor phenotype with the greatest fitness

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17
Q

Fitness is dependent on (relative to)

A

Environment

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18
Q

What drives natural selection?

A

Adaptation and fitness

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19
Q

Adaptation

A

A trait that increases fitness in a particular environment

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20
Q

Mechanisms of evolution

A 
Selection
Mutation
Gene flow
Genetic drift
Non random mating
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21
Q

Genetic drift

A

Chance event takes out an entire group of the population

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22
Q

Gene flow

A

Migration/ immigration leads to better adapted phenotypes

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23
Q

Non random mating

A

Midgets breed with midgets or giraffes breeding with long neck giraffes

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24
Q

DNA, gene, chromosome connected how?

A

DNA on genes on chromosomes

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25
Gene
Section of DNA that coded for a protein
26
Chromosome theory of inheritance questions
- what is the source of heritable variation in traits? | - how is info stored, transmitted from one generation to the next?
27
Central dogma describes... Example...
Describes the flow of info in a cell DNA codes for rna that code for proteins
28
Two fundamental nutritional needs of organisms...
Acquire chemical energy aka atp Obtain molecules that can be used to make DNA, rna, protein, etc
29
Tree of life incorporates ________ theories
Cell, inheritance and evolution
30
The tree of life is...
A family tree of organisms that describes genealogical relationships slung species with a single ancestral species at the base
31
Tree of life shows that all species... and ....
Come from prexisting species Can be traced to a single common ancestry
32
Phylogeny
Actual genealogical relationships among all organisms | Helps determine who is most related genetically
33
How are scientists able to organize species on a tree of of life?
Comparing DNA and rna
34
Two major groups of tree of life
Prokaryote and eukaryote
35
Eukaryotic (unlikely prokaryote) have/ are...
Membrane bound nucleus More organized Can do more complex tasks Multiple things can happen at the same time Usually larger
36
Two main groups of prokaryotes
Bacteria and archaea
37
Unicellular eukaryotes
Algae protist yeast
38
4 main chemical elements of living things
Carbon Nitrogen Hydrogen Oxygen
39
_ _ He - what number is above and what number is below
- mass number above | - atomic number/ proton number
40
Isotopes that are unstable...
Can decay aka be radioactive that give off energy in the form of rays and subatomic particles this can be helpful or harmful
41
Oxygen period and group
Period: 2 Group 6
42
Solute/ solvent
Solvent is water Solute is salt (solute toot)
43
Water is an efficient solvent because....
Hydrogen bonding
44
What happens when hydrophobic molecule is in water...
Hydrophobic molecules form a cage
45
Properties of water's structure...
Small Bent Polar covalent bonds Overall polarity
46
Properties of water
``` Adhesion Cohesion Surface tension Denser liquid than a solid High specific heat (absorbs a lot of energy) Good acid base reactant ```
47
High surface tension because of... | Don't say h bond
Cohesion
48
Cohesion
From h bonds Binding between LIKE molecules
49
Adhesion
Waters ability to bind with unlike molecules
50
Water as a denser liquid allows for...
Sea life at bottom of ocean to stay alive
51
Specific heat is
Amount of heat need to raise temp of 1 gram of a substance More energy needed to raise temp helps maintain homeostasis
52
Heat of vaporization
Energy required to change 1 gram of a substance from liquid to a gas
53
In acid base rxn water dissociates into
Hydrogen ions (as hydronium) Hydroxide ions
54
Acids are
Substances that give up protons during chemical rxn and raise hydronium concentrations
55
Bases are
Are substances that acquire protons during a rxn and lower hydronium concentration
56
Ph measures
H+ concentration in a solution
57
Ph from 5 to 4 Ph from 10 to 8
10x more acidic aka 10x more hydrogen ions 100x more basic aka 100X less hydrogen ions
58
Blood ph leads to alkalosis or acidosis with how much ph change
- /+ .4 | 7. 0-7.8
59
Buffers contain... And help...
Acid-base pair that reversible (in a chemical reaction) combines with H+ Maintain homeostasis
60
Common buffer in humans
Carbonic acid (weak acid)
61
Organic compounds are...
Molecules that contain carbon bonded to other elements | Carbon is most versatile element on earth because of single double trple bonds
62
Amino groups attract ___ and act as ____ And look like...
Proton Base Nh2
63
Carboxyl groups ____ and act as a ___ And look like...
Drop a proton Act as an acid Cooh
64
Carbonyl groups.... What does it look like...
Have sites that link molecules into more complex compounds C=o
65
Sulfuhydryl
S-h form kinks and bridges via disulfide bonds

Bio 1220 (2 decks)

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