Exam 1

Question 1

signs/symptoms of leg DVT

Answer 1

• redness
• swelling
• pain
• tenderness along venous structures

Question 2

Thompson’s test

Answer 2

sign for ruptured achilles tendon

-squeeze calf

Question 3

non invasive way to treat chronic exertional compartment syndrome:

Answer 3

change to a forefoot running style

Question 4

Ottawa Ankle Rules:

Answer 4

• posterior half of lateral malleolus
• tip of medial malleolus
• base of 5th metatarsal
• navicular

Question 5

Grade 1 ankle sprain:

Answer 5

• ATFL
• stretched lig.
• no instability
• slight localized swelling/ecchymosis
• WBAT
• crutches 0-4 days
• ankle stabilization (brace/tape)
• 4-14 days out of activity

Question 6

Grade 2 ankle sprain:

Answer 6

• ATFL, CFL
• partially torn lig, no or slight instability
• moderate swelling, localized ecchymosis
• WBAT
• crutches 1-3 weeks
• ankle stabilization (brace, tape)
• 2-6 weeks out of activity

Question 7

Grade 3 ankle sprain

Answer 7

• ATFL, CFL, PTFL
• completely torn lig, may require surgery
• significant swelling, diffuse ecchymosis
• WBAT
• cutches 3-6 weeks
• walking boot 3 wks, then brace/tape 3 weeks
• 4-26 weeks out of activity

Question 8

functional instability:

Answer 8

subjective feeling of instability; giving way

Question 9

anatomic instability:

Answer 9

ligamentous laxity and instability on stress imaging

Question 10

position that anterior drawer test is more sensitive:

Answer 10

slight plantarflexion, slight inversion

Question 11

manangement of grade 2 or 3 medial ankle sprain:

Answer 11

• immobilization and limited weight bearing to allow for better healing initially and protection of medial arch
• refer because of risk of instability

Question 12

treatment of high ankle sprain

Answer 12

• distal tib-fib or syndesmosis sprain
• immobilized (boot/cast) 7-14 days with TWB to allow healing
• long recovery period ( 2-6 months depending on severity)

Question 13

Ottawa ankle rules have a sensitivity of:

Answer 13

almost 100%

Question 14

calcaneal apophysitis

Answer 14

• sever’s disease
• most common cause of heel pain in athletes 5-11 y/o
• traction apophysitis secondary to repetitive microtrauma

Question 15

calcaneal apophysitis treatment:

Answer 15

• activity modification
• icing
• stretching of gastroc/soleus
• analgesic medications
• heel lifts or cushions
• usually can return to pain-free activity 3-6 weeks

Question 16

zone 1 5th metatarsal fracture:

Answer 16

• treated with padded immobilization

- tuberosity fracture

Question 17

zone 2 5th metatarsal fracture

Answer 17

• Jones fx
• high risk of not healing
• almost always treated operatively with compression screw
• middle of the fracture types

Question 18

zone 3 5th metatarsal fracture

Answer 18

• often a stress fx
• hard to heal
• may need surgery
• diaphyseal stress fracture
• most distal of the fractures

Question 19

Weber A

Answer 19

: fracture below the ankle joint

-usually stable

Question 20

Weber B

Answer 20

: fracture at the level of the joint

-usually tibiofibular ligaments are intact but medial or lateral ankle ligaments may be torn

Question 21

Weber C

Answer 21

fracture above the joint which means the syndesmosis is injured which means instability of the mortise
-ORIF