Exam 1 Flashcards
signs/symptoms of leg DVT
- redness
- swelling
- pain
- tenderness along venous structures
Thompson’s test
sign for ruptured achilles tendon
-squeeze calf
non invasive way to treat chronic exertional compartment syndrome:
change to a forefoot running style
Ottawa Ankle Rules:
- posterior half of lateral malleolus
- tip of medial malleolus
- base of 5th metatarsal
- navicular
Grade 1 ankle sprain:
- ATFL
- stretched lig.
- no instability
- slight localized swelling/ecchymosis
- WBAT
- crutches 0-4 days
- ankle stabilization (brace/tape)
- 4-14 days out of activity
Grade 2 ankle sprain:
- ATFL, CFL
- partially torn lig, no or slight instability
- moderate swelling, localized ecchymosis
- WBAT
- crutches 1-3 weeks
- ankle stabilization (brace, tape)
- 2-6 weeks out of activity
Grade 3 ankle sprain
- ATFL, CFL, PTFL
- completely torn lig, may require surgery
- significant swelling, diffuse ecchymosis
- WBAT
- cutches 3-6 weeks
- walking boot 3 wks, then brace/tape 3 weeks
- 4-26 weeks out of activity
functional instability:
subjective feeling of instability; giving way
anatomic instability:
ligamentous laxity and instability on stress imaging
position that anterior drawer test is more sensitive:
slight plantarflexion, slight inversion
manangement of grade 2 or 3 medial ankle sprain:
- immobilization and limited weight bearing to allow for better healing initially and protection of medial arch
- refer because of risk of instability
treatment of high ankle sprain
- distal tib-fib or syndesmosis sprain
- immobilized (boot/cast) 7-14 days with TWB to allow healing
- long recovery period ( 2-6 months depending on severity)
Ottawa ankle rules have a sensitivity of:
almost 100%
calcaneal apophysitis
- sever’s disease
- most common cause of heel pain in athletes 5-11 y/o
- traction apophysitis secondary to repetitive microtrauma
calcaneal apophysitis treatment:
- activity modification
- icing
- stretching of gastroc/soleus
- analgesic medications
- heel lifts or cushions
- usually can return to pain-free activity 3-6 weeks
zone 1 5th metatarsal fracture:
- treated with padded immobilization
- tuberosity fracture
zone 2 5th metatarsal fracture
- Jones fx
- high risk of not healing
- almost always treated operatively with compression screw
- middle of the fracture types
zone 3 5th metatarsal fracture
- often a stress fx
- hard to heal
- may need surgery
- diaphyseal stress fracture
- most distal of the fractures
Weber A
: fracture below the ankle joint
-usually stable
Weber B
: fracture at the level of the joint
-usually tibiofibular ligaments are intact but medial or lateral ankle ligaments may be torn
Weber C
fracture above the joint which means the syndesmosis is injured which means instability of the mortise
-ORIF
