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Advanced Clinical Reasoning > Exam #1 > Flashcards

Exam #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Tx for severe acne

A

Oral ABX

Isotretinoin

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2
Q

Tx for mild acne

A

BP or Oral Retinoid
BP plus Oral ABX
BP plus Oral Retinoid

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3
Q

What should be monitored for a pt on Isotretinoin?

A

LFTs
Cholesterol
Triglycerides

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4
Q

Screening Recommendations (13)

A
  1. BP (> 18)
  2. Cervical CA (21-65)
  3. Colorectal CA
  4. HIV
  5. Tobacco Use
  6. Syphilis
  7. Statin
  8. Depression
  9. Diet
  10. Obesity
  11. Alcohol Misuse
  12. STI
  13. T2DM
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5
Q

Adult Immunizations (7)

A
  1. Influenza
  2. Pneumococcal
  3. Meningococcal
  4. Herpes Zoster
  5. Tetanus
  6. HPV
  7. Varicella
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6
Q

Common pathogens for bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Staph aureus
Haemophilus aegyptius
Moraxella

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7
Q

Tx for bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Sulfonamides
Fluoroquinolone
Aminoglycosides

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8
Q

Red Eye Emergencies

A 
Hyphema
Hypopyon
Keratitis
Acute Closure Glaucoma
Orbital Cellulitis
Hyperacute Conjunctivitis
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9
Q

Common pathogens for otitis media

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae
H. influenza
Moraxella catarrhalis
Streptococcus pyogens

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10
Q

Common pathogens for otitis externa

A

Pseudomonas
Proteus
Fungi

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11
Q

Treatment for otitis externa

A

Aminoglycoside

Fluoroquinolone

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12
Q

Sx of Meniere’s Dz

A

Vertigo
Tinnitus
Hearing loss

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13
Q

Centor Criteria

A
  1. Fever
  2. Absence of cough
  3. Tonsillar Exudate
  4. Anterior cervical lymphadenopathy

3-4 signs = likely (40-60%)

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14
Q

Tx for pharyngitis (GABHS)

A

Penicillin / Amoxicillin

Erythromycin if PCN allergic

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15
Q

Stages of pertussis

A

Catarrhal Stage
Paroxysmal Stage
Convalescent Stage

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16
Q

Dx for mono

A

Rapid monospot
Can do EBV specific antibody test if monospot neg
CBC with diff - atypical lymphocytes
Lymphocyte > 4,000 with atypical lymphocytes > 10%

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17
Q

Iron Def Results

A 
Low MCV
Low hemoglobin
Low hematocrit
Low serum iron
Low ferritin
High platelet
High TIBC
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18
Q

Classes of medications for T2DM

A
  1. Metformin (Biguanides)
  2. Sulfonylureas
  3. DPP-4 Inhibitors
  4. GLP-1 Agonists
  5. SGLT2 Inhibitors
  6. Insulin
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19
Q

Tx of COPD

A
  1. SAMA or SABA
  2. LAMA or LABA
  3. LABA/LAMA + ICS
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20
Q

Tx of Asthma

A
  1. SABA
  2. Low-dose ICS
  3. Low-dose ICS + LABA
  4. Med-dose ICS + LABA
  5. High-dose ICS + LABA
  6. High-dose ICS + LABA + Oral Corticosteroid
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21
Q

Common pathogens for CAP:

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Moraxella catarrhalis
Staph aureus

22
Q

Tx for CAP in healthy individuals with no comorbidities and no ABX use in past 3 months

A

Macrolide

Doxycycline

23
Q

Tx for CAP in pts with comorbidities or recent ABX use

A

Respiratory fluoroquinolones

Beta lactam + macrolide or doxy

24
Q

Tx for inpatient CAP/HAP

A

Respiratory fluoroquinolones

Ceftriaxone + macrolide

25
Common pathogens for HAP
Staph aureus | Pseudomonas aeruginosa
26
Medications for Stage B HF
Beta Blockers | ACE/ARB
27
Medications for Stage C HF
Beta Blockers ACE/ARB Diuretics Aldosterone Antagonist
28
Tx for AFib w/o LV dysfunction or heart failure
Beta Blocker Amiodarone Verapamil Diltiazem
29
Tx for AFib w/ LV dysfunction or heart failure
Beta Blocker Amiodarone Digoxin
30
Tx for PUD
Avoid: smoking, NSAIDs, alcohol PPI with clarithromycin and amoxicillin OR PPI with clarithromycin and metronidazole
31
Dx for gallstones
Increased bilirubin levels Leukocytosis Abdominal ultrasound CT
32
Pts older than 50 with new onset constipation should be....
Evaluated for colon cancer
33
Conservative tx for constipation
Increase fiber and fluid intake | Laxatives, stool softeners
34
Most common causes of pancreatitis
Cholelithiasis and alcohol abuse | Hyperlipidemia, PUD, hypercalcemia, trauma and drugs (HIV) can also cause
35
Dx signs of acute pancreatitis
``` Amylase and lipase WBC elevated Hyperglycemia Hypocalcemia Mild hyperbilirubinemia ```
36
Ranson Criteria - At Admission
``` Age > 55 years WBC > 16,000 BG > 200 Serum AST > 250 Serum LDH > 350 ```
37
Ranson Criteria - W/n 48 hours
``` Ca < 8.0 Hmct fall > 10.0% Oxygen (PaCO2 < 60 mmHg) BUN increased by 1.8 or more after IV hydration Base deficit > 4 Sequestration of fluids > 6 L ```
38
Ranson Criteria - Mortality
0-2: 2% 3-4: 15% 5-6: 40% 7-8: 100%
39
Tx of acute pancreatitis
``` NPO NG Tube Pain mgmt Possibly ABX Antiemetics Insulin for hyperglycemia +/- TPN ```
40
Almost 90% of chronic pancreatitis cases are caused by:
Alcohol abuse
41
Classic triad of chronic pancreatitis
Pancreatic calcification Steatorrhea Diabetes mellitus
42
Clinical features of chronic pancreatitis
Same as acute pancreatitis + steatorrhea/fat malabsorption
43
Dx for chronic pancreatitis
Amylase | Abdominal xray to show calcifications
44
Right Upper Quadrant Pain
``` Cholecystitis Cholangitis Choledocholithiasis Hepatitis Liver dz/abscess ```
45
Epigastric Pain
``` Pancreatitis PUD Gastritis GERD Dyspepsia Gastroparesis ```
46
Left Upper Quadrant Pain
Splenomegaly Splenic Infarction Splenic Rupture Splenic Abscess
47
Right Lower Abdominal Pain:
``` Appendicitis Renal Colic/Stones Colitis Cystitis/Pyelo Hernia Epididymitis ```
48
Left Lower Abdominal Pain:
``` Diverticulitis Renal Colic/Stones Colitis Cystitis/Pyelo Hernia Epididymitis ```
49
Diffuse Abdominal Pain
``` Obstruction Perforation Inflammatory Bowel Dz Mesenteric Ischemia Volvulus Gastroenteritis Constipation ```
50
Extra Abdominal Pain (Non GI/GU)
``` DKA Acute MI AAA PNA, PE, Inflammatory Pleural Effusion Herpes Zoster HIV Sickle Cell Dz ```
51
Life Threatening Abdominal Pain
``` AAA Mesenteric Ischemia Perforation of GI tract Acute Bowel Obstruction Volvulus Acute MI Ectopic Pregnancy ```
52
Tx of gastroparesis
Dietary modification and hydration Glycemic control (diabetes) Prokinetics (Metoclopramide, Domperidone, Macrolide) Antiemetics

Advanced Clinical Reasoning (8 decks)

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