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Advanced Clinical Reasoning > Exam #1 > Flashcards

Exam #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Tx for severe acne

A

Oral ABX

Isotretinoin

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2
Q

Tx for mild acne

A

BP or Oral Retinoid
BP plus Oral ABX
BP plus Oral Retinoid

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3
Q

What should be monitored for a pt on Isotretinoin?

A

LFTs
Cholesterol
Triglycerides

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4
Q

Screening Recommendations (13)

A
  1. BP (> 18)
  2. Cervical CA (21-65)
  3. Colorectal CA
  4. HIV
  5. Tobacco Use
  6. Syphilis
  7. Statin
  8. Depression
  9. Diet
  10. Obesity
  11. Alcohol Misuse
  12. STI
  13. T2DM
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5
Q

Adult Immunizations (7)

A
  1. Influenza
  2. Pneumococcal
  3. Meningococcal
  4. Herpes Zoster
  5. Tetanus
  6. HPV
  7. Varicella
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6
Q

Common pathogens for bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Staph aureus
Haemophilus aegyptius
Moraxella

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7
Q

Tx for bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Sulfonamides
Fluoroquinolone
Aminoglycosides

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8
Q

Red Eye Emergencies

A 
Hyphema
Hypopyon
Keratitis
Acute Closure Glaucoma
Orbital Cellulitis
Hyperacute Conjunctivitis
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9
Q

Common pathogens for otitis media

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae
H. influenza
Moraxella catarrhalis
Streptococcus pyogens

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10
Q

Common pathogens for otitis externa

A

Pseudomonas
Proteus
Fungi

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11
Q

Treatment for otitis externa

A

Aminoglycoside

Fluoroquinolone

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12
Q

Sx of Meniere’s Dz

A

Vertigo
Tinnitus
Hearing loss

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13
Q

Centor Criteria

A
  1. Fever
  2. Absence of cough
  3. Tonsillar Exudate
  4. Anterior cervical lymphadenopathy

3-4 signs = likely (40-60%)

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14
Q

Tx for pharyngitis (GABHS)

A

Penicillin / Amoxicillin

Erythromycin if PCN allergic

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15
Q

Stages of pertussis

A

Catarrhal Stage
Paroxysmal Stage
Convalescent Stage

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16
Q

Dx for mono

A

Rapid monospot
Can do EBV specific antibody test if monospot neg
CBC with diff - atypical lymphocytes
Lymphocyte > 4,000 with atypical lymphocytes > 10%

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17
Q

Iron Def Results

A 
Low MCV
Low hemoglobin
Low hematocrit
Low serum iron
Low ferritin
High platelet
High TIBC
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18
Q

Classes of medications for T2DM

A
  1. Metformin (Biguanides)
  2. Sulfonylureas
  3. DPP-4 Inhibitors
  4. GLP-1 Agonists
  5. SGLT2 Inhibitors
  6. Insulin
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19
Q

Tx of COPD

A
  1. SAMA or SABA
  2. LAMA or LABA
  3. LABA/LAMA + ICS
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20
Q

Tx of Asthma

A
  1. SABA
  2. Low-dose ICS
  3. Low-dose ICS + LABA
  4. Med-dose ICS + LABA
  5. High-dose ICS + LABA
  6. High-dose ICS + LABA + Oral Corticosteroid
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21
Q

Common pathogens for CAP:

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Moraxella catarrhalis
Staph aureus

22
Q

Tx for CAP in healthy individuals with no comorbidities and no ABX use in past 3 months

A

Macrolide

Doxycycline

23
Q

Tx for CAP in pts with comorbidities or recent ABX use

A

Respiratory fluoroquinolones

Beta lactam + macrolide or doxy

24
Q

Tx for inpatient CAP/HAP

A

Respiratory fluoroquinolones

Ceftriaxone + macrolide

25
Q

Common pathogens for HAP

A

Staph aureus

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

26
Q

Medications for Stage B HF

A

Beta Blockers

ACE/ARB

27
Q

Medications for Stage C HF

A

Beta Blockers
ACE/ARB
Diuretics
Aldosterone Antagonist

28
Q

Tx for AFib w/o LV dysfunction or heart failure

A

Beta Blocker
Amiodarone
Verapamil
Diltiazem

29
Q

Tx for AFib w/ LV dysfunction or heart failure

A

Beta Blocker
Amiodarone
Digoxin

30
Q

Tx for PUD

A

Avoid: smoking, NSAIDs, alcohol
PPI with clarithromycin and amoxicillin
OR
PPI with clarithromycin and metronidazole

31
Q

Dx for gallstones

A

Increased bilirubin levels
Leukocytosis
Abdominal ultrasound
CT

32
Q

Pts older than 50 with new onset constipation should be….

A

Evaluated for colon cancer

33
Q

Conservative tx for constipation

A

Increase fiber and fluid intake

Laxatives, stool softeners

34
Q

Most common causes of pancreatitis

A

Cholelithiasis and alcohol abuse

Hyperlipidemia, PUD, hypercalcemia, trauma and drugs (HIV) can also cause

35
Q

Dx signs of acute pancreatitis

A 
Amylase and lipase
WBC elevated
Hyperglycemia
Hypocalcemia
Mild hyperbilirubinemia
36
Q

Ranson Criteria - At Admission

A 
Age > 55 years
WBC > 16,000
BG > 200
Serum AST > 250
Serum LDH > 350
37
Q

Ranson Criteria - W/n 48 hours

A 
Ca < 8.0
Hmct fall > 10.0%
Oxygen (PaCO2 < 60 mmHg)
BUN increased by 1.8 or more after IV hydration
Base deficit > 4
Sequestration of fluids > 6 L
38
Q

Ranson Criteria - Mortality

A

0-2: 2%
3-4: 15%
5-6: 40%
7-8: 100%

39
Q

Tx of acute pancreatitis

A 
NPO
NG Tube
Pain mgmt
Possibly ABX
Antiemetics
Insulin for hyperglycemia
\+/- TPN
40
Q

Almost 90% of chronic pancreatitis cases are caused by:

A

Alcohol abuse

41
Q

Classic triad of chronic pancreatitis

A

Pancreatic calcification
Steatorrhea
Diabetes mellitus

42
Q

Clinical features of chronic pancreatitis

A

Same as acute pancreatitis + steatorrhea/fat malabsorption

43
Q

Dx for chronic pancreatitis

A

Amylase

Abdominal xray to show calcifications

44
Q

Right Upper Quadrant Pain

A 
Cholecystitis
Cholangitis
Choledocholithiasis
Hepatitis
Liver dz/abscess
45
Q

Epigastric Pain

A 
Pancreatitis
PUD
Gastritis
GERD
Dyspepsia
Gastroparesis
46
Q

Left Upper Quadrant Pain

A

Splenomegaly
Splenic Infarction
Splenic Rupture
Splenic Abscess

47
Q

Right Lower Abdominal Pain:

A 
Appendicitis
Renal Colic/Stones
Colitis
Cystitis/Pyelo
Hernia
Epididymitis
48
Q

Left Lower Abdominal Pain:

A 
Diverticulitis
Renal Colic/Stones
Colitis
Cystitis/Pyelo
Hernia
Epididymitis
49
Q

Diffuse Abdominal Pain

A 
Obstruction
Perforation
Inflammatory Bowel Dz
Mesenteric Ischemia
Volvulus
Gastroenteritis
Constipation
50
Q

Extra Abdominal Pain (Non GI/GU)

A 
DKA
Acute MI
AAA
PNA, PE, Inflammatory Pleural Effusion
Herpes Zoster
HIV
Sickle Cell Dz
51
Q

Life Threatening Abdominal Pain

A 
AAA
Mesenteric Ischemia
Perforation of GI tract
Acute Bowel Obstruction
Volvulus
Acute MI
Ectopic Pregnancy
52
Q

Tx of gastroparesis

A

Dietary modification and hydration
Glycemic control (diabetes)
Prokinetics (Metoclopramide, Domperidone, Macrolide)
Antiemetics

Advanced Clinical Reasoning (8 decks)

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