Exam 1

Question 1

temperature

Answer 1

speed with which molecules collide with each other

Question 2

mass

Answer 2

relates to amount of matter contained in a substance

Question 3

density

Answer 3

mass of substance in a given volume

Question 4

pressure

Answer 4

force of molecules bombarding a given area

Question 5

concentration

Answer 5

mass/volume

Question 6

Kelvin

Answer 6

absolute temperature scale
-495F=0K
no molecular motion at 0K

Question 7

4 common themes of science

Answer 7

1. scales- micro, meso, macro
2. systems
3. constancy of change- everything stays the same even when there’s disruption (chemical example)
4. models- a tentative representation of an observation based on an interpretation from available information (representation of real world situation)

Question 8

1 meter is larger than ____

Answer 8

1 yard

Question 9

1 liter is larger than _____

Answer 9

1 quart

Question 10

1 kilogram is larger than ____

Answer 10

1 pound (lb is a unit of force, mass X gravity)

Question 11

what is science?

Answer 11

“knowledge”

study of cause and effect

Question 12

scientific method (3 steps)

Answer 12

1. observation
2. hypothesize
3. testing/experimentation
   (a verified hypothesis can lead to a theory)

Question 13

deductive reasoning

Answer 13

reasoning from general to specific

Question 14

inductive reasoning

Answer 14

reasoning from many observations

Question 15

what is environmental science?

Answer 15

incorporates and shows relation/interaction between all the sciences

Question 16

landscape definition

Answer 16

grouping of interactive ecosystems in a particular area

Question 17

ecotone

Answer 17

transitional region that contains some species and characteristics of 2 adjacent ecosystems and certain species and characteristics of an ecosystem itself

Question 18

landscape

Answer 18

grouping of interactive ecosystems in a particular area

Question 19

biosphere

Answer 19

the zone of air, land, and water at the surface of the earth that is accepted by organisms

Question 20

biome

Answer 20

a large, stable, terrestrial ecosystem characterized by specific plant and animal communities; usually is named for its dominant vegetation
examples: tropical rainforest, desert, arctic and alpine tundra, template rain forest

Question 21

what does HIPPO stand for?

Answer 21

Habitat destruction
Invasive species
Pollution
Population
Overharvesting

Question 22

Linnaean Hierarchy

Answer 22

interconnectedness of different species

Question 23

levels in Hierarchy (start from outside)

Answer 23

Kingdom
Phyla
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
(genus and species are part of microevolution, the rest are part of macroevolution)

Question 24

what is the acronym for the Hierarchy

Answer 24

Kids Play Chess On Fuming Gas Stations

Question 25

Speciesism

Answer 25

refers to a bias against nonhuman animals simply because they are members of another species

Question 26

Major environmental worldviews

planetary management

Answer 26

• humans manage nature
• unlimited natural resources
• economic growth beneficial
• success depends on beneficial use of earth’s life-support systems

Question 27

Major environmental worldviews

earth-wisdom

Answer 27

• nature exists for all species
• limited natural resources
• controlled economic growth
• success depends on learning to work with the earth and each other

Question 28

requirements of a natural landscape

Answer 28

less water
less toxic chemicals
less maintenance

Question 29

Environmental management tools (James Trefil)

Answer 29

genomics
experimental ecology
complexity theory
informatics
garden and gardener analogy
benefit to humans principle

Question 30

benefit to humans principle

Answer 30

“the planet should be managed to maximize the welfare, broadly conceived, of human beings”

Question 31

what are the 4 things that all organisms need in order to survive?

Answer 31

food
water
space
cover

Question 32

what is one thing that is a major cause of extinction?

Answer 32

loss of habitat

Question 33

environmental landscaping

Answer 33

a way of caring for property that impacts the environment as little as possible using plants native to the area

Question 34

external factors that impact population growth factors

Answer 34

food availability
interactions with others
habitat condition/quality
weather

Question 35

internal factors that impact population growth factors

Answer 35

maturity
body size
hormonal status
disease

Question 36

what are 5 things that ecosystems do for sustainability?

Answer 36

1. use sunlight or geothermal heat or energy source
2. remove wastes and replenish nutrients via recycling elements
3. control size of consumer populations so over use does not occur
4. show resilience
5. maintain “biodiversity”

Question 37

biodiversity

Answer 37

the genetic, species, and ecological, and functional diversity of the organisms in a given area

Question 38

causes for extinction and biodiversity decline

Answer 38

alteration of habitat
pollution
loss of “keystone species”

Question 39

evolution

Answer 39

a process that results in heritable (able to be inherited) changes in a population spread over many generations

Question 40

natural selection

Answer 40

the process by which the forms of organisms in a population that are best adapted to the environment increase in frequency relative to less well-adapted forms over a number of generations

Question 41

adaptation

Answer 41

the feature of an organism that enables it to serve and reproduce in its natural environment better than if it lacked the feature

Question 42

models

Answer 42

a tentative representation of an observation based on an interpretation from available information (representation of real world situation)